Alcoholism And Alcohol Addiction Has Become A National Crisis

Alcoholism and alcohol addiction has become a national crisis. In the United States approximately 62,000 men died un-necessarily as a result of alcohol abuse in 2014. Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is the fourth leading cause of preventable deaths with approximately 1.1 million men over the age of 18 currently receiving treatment for an AUD. Globally, the burden of alcohol abuse reflected 3.3 million deaths from consumption in 2012 alone. (NIH 2016). This case study of about a 66 year old male named Robert, who presents with long term alcohol abuse. Robert is married to Colleen for the last 44 years during which time they had two daughters. Robert is also a grandfather, brother and friend. His oldest daughter Harriet sought intervention†¦show more content†¦Robert was diagnosed with diabetes and prostrate problems (NIH 2016). More men than women use and abuse alcohol and drugs. Research indicates that 78% of men with an alcohol problem, have at least one other psychiatric condition (Capuzzi, Stauffer 2008). Biologically, one predisposed to addiction along with their environmental considerations during childhood, readies one to either become an addict or alcoholic or prepares them to withstand the influences. Harriet and her younger sister both have experienced untold influences due to their father’s drinking. Many adult children of alcoholics fear the loss of control in their own lives and try to control others through manipulation, fear or force. Very often adult children of alcoholics overdevelop their own sense of responsibility (ACA 2016). Harriet, sought out information on family intervention to help her father. She also held over him the possible loss of his seeing his grandchildren as motivation for his getting help.Taking care of her father by stepping up and making the call to a therapist for intervention is clearly an indication that Harriet has taken on the role of care taker in her family where chaos and uncertainly was the norm. She also contacted the residential treatment facility where her father eventually went, she made contact and with all the participants for the intervention, and she lead the way when the intervention group approached her father. The younger sister may have taken on the role

`` Twenty First Century Capitalism The Two Realms Of...

In trying to understand the world that we live in today and where we are going in the future, as a nation, as a modern society, and as humans in general, we must look at the overarching structure or social order that created our present condition, capitalism. In order to understand capitalism, we must not only try to understand what capitalism really is, but realize that it is not solely composed of what is commonly connected with the term, economics. Rather, it is composed of varying social and political factors that make capitalism what it truly is. This view and analysis of capitalism is what Robert Heilbroner puts forth in his 1992 book, Twenty-First Century Capitalism, where he introduces the notion of the two realms of capitalism . In the following essay, I will look at how Heilbroner defines capitalism, and what the author means by the two realms of capitalism explaining how these two are both beneficial and dysfunctional for society. After a thorough examination of what th e author proposes in his analysis, I will then explain how and why I think capitalism has had a more positive effect on society, despite the flaws that can be found, and will be noted, in this system we live in. To begin, I want to first lay a groundwork for understanding capitalism. This system of capitalism that most of the western world adheres to is a most interesting phenomenon of how we have decided to organize our societies. As Heilbroner (2006) points out that it is remarkable howShow MoreRelatedCapitalist Society.1738 Words   |  7 PagesCapitalism is a very complex system that is discuss by many authors, scholars and economists. Robert Heilbroner is a famous American economist who creatively discusses the system of capitalism in Twenty First Century Capitalism. He reveals the abstruse capitalism system and its role in society. Heilbroner begins by comparing traditional society with modern capitalist society and differentiate capital with wealth, which facilitate the read er to understand the basic definition of capitalism. He thenRead MoreThomas Heilbroner s Twenty First Century Capitalism3106 Words   |  13 Pagescondition, capitalism. In order to understand capitalism, we must not only try to understand what capitalism really is, but realize that it is not solely composed of what is commonly connected with the term, economics. Rather, it is composed of varying social and political factors that make capitalism what it truly is. This view and analysis of capitalism is what Robert Heilbroner puts forth in his 1992 book, Twenty-First Century Capitalism, where he introduces the notion of the two realms of capitalismRead MoreCapitalism : The Embodiment And Nature Of Capitalism Essay2141 Words   |  9 Pagesembodiment and nature of capitalism. A man called Robert Heilbroner (March 24, 1919 – January 4, 2005) rose in the twentieth century as a regarded American economist and historian of economic thought understood for his worries about the tw o realms of capitalism. A first person examination of capitalism in light of Robert Heilbroner s thoughts as exhibited in the book twenty-first century capitalism. This article addresses how Robert Heilbroner s two realms of capitalism are both useful and uselessRead MoreRobert Heilbroner s Twenty First Century Capitalism1690 Words   |  7 Pagesscience. Capitalism has been the key to the development of business and a countries economy capitalism has changed the economy and society in both positive and negative ways both suitable. Robert Heilbroner book†Twenty-first-century capitalism(1993)† talked about going beyond economic theories too but focuses on the problems of modern economic society. He thought of capitalism as the interrelationship between the economic system and a political order ,that is howâ€Å"two realms of capitalism† were formedRead MoreCapitalism Is The Most Influential Economic And Political System Essay2012 Words   |  9 PagesCapitalism is the most influential economic and political system in the world today as it has had a large effect on some of the defining aspects of the world, from abolishing feudal rule as â€Å"feudal rulers were continually forced to turn for loans to their resident burghers†¦ by the way the leaders stood this was completely incompatible with feudal rule†. (Heilbroner, 1992, p. 34) And introducing an early version of economic freedom referred to as the society of perfect liberty by Adam Smith. CapitalismRead MoreThe Substance And Nature Of Free Enterprise Essay1080 Words   |  5 Pages(March 24, 1919 – January 4, 2005) developed in the twentieth century as a regarded American financial specialist and student of history of monetary thought surely understood for his worries about the two domains of free enterprise. A first individual examination of free enterprise in view of Robert Heilbroner s thoughts as exhibited in the book twenty-first century private enterprise. Thi s exposition addresses how Robert Heilbroner s two domains of private enterprise are both valuable and uselessRead MoreCapitalism Is An Economic System Of Production And Allocation Based On Private Property2070 Words   |  9 PagesCapitalism is an economic system of production and allocation based on private property. The main characteristic of making economic decisions is the willingness to accumulate more capital and gain profit. In this economic system businesses manufacture goods for market, which is controlled by supply and demand. Economists often think of capitalism as a system of free market economy ruled by competition, but it is impossible to find capitalism in this ideal form anywhere in world today. Nowadays economicRead MoreGlobalization and the International Political Economy Essay3605 Words   |  15 PagesInternational Political Economy (IPE). The most salient among these perspectives are Realism, Liberalism, and Marxism. These paradigms or ways of looking at IPE enables international relations students to study the forces at work in the international realm and analyze how these factors interact to create the state of affairs of the IPE. Through these perspectives, people can also take a look at how human nature, individuals, society, states, and markets relate to the economy and how they make it workRead MoreThe Consumer Society Essay3590 Words   |  15 Pageswhat extent are we controlled by the consumer society we live in? The rise of the consumer culture is a phenomenon characteristic for the twentieth century. The impact of this cultural movement is disputable. The quote above was taken from Marcuse’s book â€Å"One dimensional man.†(1964) Marcuse believed that the products of consumer capitalism indoctrinate and manipulate society to promote a false consciousness of needs which become a way of life. He saw this as another form of totalitarianismRead MoreWilliam Faulkners As I Lay Dying Essay1482 Words   |  6 PagesIn As I Lay Dying, William Faulkner uses the characters Anse and Cash, and a motif/symbol in My mother is a fish, to reveal the psychological and societal problems of the twenties and thirties. Written as soon as the panic surrounding the stock market in 1929 started, Faulkner is reported as having, â€Å"took one of these [onion] sheets, unscrewed the cap from his fountain pen, and wrote at the top in blue ink, As I Lay Dying. Then he underlined it twice and wrote the date in the upper right-hand

Theory of Management Principal and Process

Question: Describe about the Theory of Management Principal and Process. Answer: Abstract The assignment is on concepts of management describing management in brief along with its characteristics. The four functions of management are defined in detail along with how they should be implemented by the leadership of the organization. The next part describes the external factors affecting management along with contemporary management challenges. The work is a detail layout of what management is all about and provides insight into how management functions. Management Various theorists defined the term administration in different ways to give their ideas about the definition of the Directorate. Although there are differences in how they defined to control the fundamental essence which derived from various ideas is the same; i.e. management is a team work to achieve individual objectives and goals which may be organisational, social or family oriented. According to F.W Taylor, management is the art of being aware of what needs to be done and then making sure that the things are done in the best possible ways incurring as minimum cost as possible. This definition of Taylor gives us the impression that management is team function as the easiest, cheapest, and the best possible way to get things done is through teamwork collaborating people together. The definition of management by Henry Fayol defining management as the function of forecasting, planning, organising, to command, coordinate and control apparently gives us the impression that the essence is the teamwork. Likewise, other definitions of the management point out to the same concept of teamwork to achieve organisational goals and objectives. Management has the following characteristics(Jonathan Sutherland, 2004). Characteristics of management Management as a function Management is a function which is undertaken by team i.e. employees of an organisation under the leadership of an individual to carry out organisational tasks and activities with the aim of achieving a desired goals and objectives. Management is a social process The concept of social process is clearly seen in control as the team consisting of employees of an organisation works for the betterment of organisation to fulfil their mutual objectives and goals. This is a characteristic seen in a society where every household has certain responsibilities towards their society for it to progress. Management involves group effort The concept of group effort is evident in management where every individual needs to play some roles or the other as per their capability for the entire organisational team to progress and move towards the accomplishment of stated objectives and goals. Management aims at objectives stated and determined earlier The task under management is always aimed at accomplishing objectives and targets which have been already stated and established and the entire team work towards reaching that goals and objectives. It is the leadership which decides on what tasks are needed to be carried out and who would be the right person for any particular job and with whom he/she would be working. Management is essential at all level of functions Every organisational tasks or activity at every level require proper and efficient management for the tasks to be performed with perfection. Management is an art as well as science Management has a characteristic of science as it is a universally accepted concept which has been empirically derived and critically tested over times and is based on general principles. It is said to be art as in management every individual perform managerial tasks using their creativity and technical skills. Management consists of four essential functions The four basic functions of management are planning, organising, leading and controlling. This process of performing four basic functions is called management process. Following is the excellent layout of the four basic functions of management. Management Process Managers in his/her business organisation must perform essential managerial functions efficiently to become successful so that the organisation moves forward in line with its mission, vision, objectives and goals. The basic administrative duties across the business vertical are classified into four steps which the managers need to take one at a time and perform them successfully. The first classifications of essential managerial functions were made by Fall which had functions of planning, organising, coordinating along with commanding and controlling of employees. Various other theorists attributed functions like communicating, staffing and decision-making. Later functions of Planning, organising, followed by features of leading and controlling were accepted as the four primary managerial functions which were widely accepted and prevalent till today. The other functions attributed by various theorists are considered to be subsets of these four functions(Ginter, 2008). Below we shall discuss four essential functions one by one. Planning Planning is a function where the managers define organisational goals and decide what tasks or activities need to be performed to attain the established aims and objectives. The role of planning requires managers to decide correctly on resource requirements to accomplish the goals and objectives. Planning is central to the other four managerial functions as it sets the tone for other duties to follow. Planning entails the following four functions Proper evaluation of organisational resources and environmental factors. Establishment of organisational goals Development of strategies and plans to accomplish the stated goals Formulation of decision-making process The elements under bullets pointed above are essential for organisational success in the long run. The short-term goals are equally dependent on these four elements. Any planning for the attainment of long-term targets and objectives requires managers to develop proper strategy known as strategic planning which varies under different circumstances. The next step is organising as discussed below. Organizing Organizing is a function where managers perform three essential functions; assignment of tasks and activities to individuals, grouping tasks into various departments and allocating necessary resources to departments. For practical organising, managers need to use people and available resources properly for which he/she must consult individuals before allotting tasks. For organising to be, active managers must develop the organisational structure, acquire human resources, provide them with proper training, and establish networks and communication pattern. Leading Leading is the next step that follows after planning and organising where managers exercise influence and authority on his/her employees to get the required tasks performed for the attainment of organisational goals and activities. It is considered to be the most critical function of all as it demands various ways on parts of managers to influence and motivate employees so that they perform their tasks efficiently in line with organisational goals and objectives. The effectiveness of leading also depends on leaders or managers extraordinary ability and motivational procedures. Formation of powerful groups is the most important criteria of leading. Proper leading takes the organisation to a new high and leaders must have the ability to lead from the front(Ling, 2015). Controlling Managing involves the task of monitoring all the relevant activities within the organisation to determine whether the implemented plans are working efficiently in line with the requirements; i.e. if the implementations are successfully achieving their goals or not. The function of controlling mostly needs managers to look into the activities of employees and correcting them whenever necessary. For proper controlling, managers use tools of performance appraisal, rewards and incentives to motivate employees. Employees are also penalised for underperforming on a regular basis. How they are related The four essential functions of management as stated and described above are closely linked to each other. The planning function lays out the path for the other three to follow. Functions of planning when it is done properly by evaluating strength and weakness of organisation and available resources enables management in the decision-making process which in turn facilitates other three functions to be carried out in an orderly manner. Likewise, organising effects leading and controlling. Proper leading is essential for the execution of planning and coordination functions to facilitate controlling which is the last step in the managerial process. In other words, all of them have to be carried out keeping in mind the proper implementation of other functions and their accomplishments. For example before leading a leader has to make sure that for controlling function to be implemented the first two, i.e. planning and organising are done properly(Rossman, 2014). Implementation of essential functions The implementation of four basic functions of management with proper effect depends on a lot of the initiatives taken by the leader. Since all of them are related and, fallacies in one of them may lead to the failure of the project, the effectiveness of the leader plays a significant role in execution of the variety of tasks. A leader has to make sure that the planning and organising are in line with the stated objectives of the project undertaken. If the planning and coordination are not in line with the available resources, the leader needs to appraise the fallacy to the concerned department and make sure that either the means are fulfilled, or the goals and objectives are adjusted to bring down the targets and goals for rationalisation of the project. The leader needs to influence his subordinates using proper motivational tools and leadership techniques to get the work done from employees. The responsibility of aligning the organisational goals and objectives to that of employees for them to consider the organisation as a family rather than work place rests on the shoulder of leadership. A leader needs to identify the loopholes at every level of management and exercise efficient control throughout the project and make necessary adjustments whenever required. For effective leadership, a leader has to lead from the front and show deep empathy towards employees' grievances and address them to keep the employees motivated. It is necessary to use tools such as performance appraisal and rewards performers with incentives and bonus for the purpose of motivation(Rollin, 2012). The use of proper communication tools throughout the organisational hierarchy is an important part of management functions, and there has to adequate training and development process within the organisation for employees to learn the new changes and techniques taking place rapidly. The communication cell of the society needs to ensure that the communication flows smooth across the various level of management. The top level management needs to appraise accurately of any changes within the body to the middle-level managers that need to implement the changes at a lower level through proper communication and controlling. Likewise, any changes required during the execution of any task or activities needs to be communicated to the middle managers who can address the issue by informing top level management. External factors External factors are affecting the management process such as political, social, economic, technological, competition, etc. which impacts the management process. Here we shall discuss two three essential factors of social, race and political as these are the regarded as the primary factors in the administration of a project. Social Social factors refer to the society in which the organisation is planning to carry out the business. The social element constitutes of various social attributes such as lifestyle of people, education, demographic factors, religious beliefs, buying habits, etc. along with disposable income of individuals. All of these impacts management functions as managers need to have a clear analysis of social factors before determining their business plans. Since this factor is external and the organization has no influence over it, they can only align their policies of activities with the determined social factors(Thomas, 2015). Political Political factors refer] to the political situation in the area of business operation. Political factor is paramount for the organisation and its management to consider before implementation of any business plans. Various political parties have different agendas and the laws, rules, and regulations governing the nation or state impacts directly on business. Since the laws and legislation are passed by political establishment management is affected by political factors. Competition Competition is the most primary one among external factors as it determines many functions such as targeting, segmentation, pricing and promotion. The management has to undertake essential managerial functions after proper determination of competitive factors as their pricing policies accordingly along with determination of product volume and marketing strategy(Schwerin, 2015). Contemporary management challenges Managers around the world have to deal with more uncertainties under current business environment. The role of geopolitical factors is influencing organisational management policies every single day. Since the chaos around the world are increasing day by day and economic instability is on the rise, management under the current global scenario is all about keeping track of happenings around the world and dealing proactively with every change which may be required anytime. Another challenge facing management is the rapidly changing technology on which businesses has become heavily dependent. The advent of cloud computing, CRM system, etc. has provided managers with altogether new challenges. The managers have to keep track of every technological innovation in the marketplace and entertain any changes required in the IT field to maintain a competitive edge. Conclusion The concept of management has evolved over times, and contemporary management is all about forecasting risks and assuring quality which managers around the world has to importance. The rising competition not only necessitates the change in policies of pricing, volume, and marketing policies but it also needs to consider unpredictable macro and micro external factors. The rise of geo political influence has made organisations around the world insure their project with proper insurance policies. The margin for error is minimum, and along with traditional method new method for innovation in every aspect of management is necessary to maintain competitive strength and take the organisation forward. Bibliography "DIVERSITY NEW FRONTER". (2013, JULY). DELOITTE: DELOITTE UNIVERSITY PRESS. AHALT, S. (n.d.). Ten Emerging Technologies. Renci white paper series. Bekaer, Engstrom. (N.D.). Briggs, S. (2013, 7 16). 10 Emerging Educational Technologies and How They Are Used Across the Globe. Retrieved 10 2015, from infomED: https://www.opencolleges.edu.au/informed/features/the-ten-emerging-technologies-in-education-and-how-they-are-being-used-across-the-globe/ Brunot, Media. (2016). Buttel, Geisler, Wiswall. (1984). Chianis. (2013). Culbertson, Joyner, . (2006). Dahl, G. (n.d.). How to create an overall media ad campaign. Retrieved 12 23, 2015, from https://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/how-to-create-an-overall-media-ad-campaign.html holder, D., Jaishankar, K. (2011). Cyber Crime and the Victimization of Women: Laws, Rights, and Regulations. IGI GLOBAL. Jayson, A. (2013, 10 2). The role of Technology in Advancement of Education. Retrieved 10 2015, from ed tech review: https://edtechreview.in/trends-insights/insights/668-role-of-technology-in-advancement-of-education KELLI, A. G. (n.d.). Retrieved JULY 2, 2015, from UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA: https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hr022 KNOUSE, B. S. (2003). "Hard Measures that Support the Business Case for Diversity: A Balanced Scorecard Approach. Michie. (2000). Nagel, D. (15, 2 12). 6 Emerging Trends Driving Technology in Education. RITA, A. (2010). BEST PRACTISES IN WORKFORCE DIVERSITY. ILLINOIS, USA. ROOT III, G. N. (n.d.). THE BEST PRACTISES OF DIVERSITY TRAINING. DEMAND MEDIA. Smooth, J. (2011). How I learned to stop thinking about racism and love discussing race. Retrieved October 24, 2015, from youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MbdxeFcQtaU Tim. (2013, 8 26). Advances in Technology and It's Effects on Education. Retrieved 10 2015, from HubPages: https://namciti.hubpages.com/hub/Advances-in-Technology-and-Its-Effects-on-Education

Knowledge by the Colors free essay sample

The fifty meter wall of deities, sculptures, and statues loom high above. Depicting the life of Princess Meenakshi, one could not be more dazzled. They smile, they frown, they kill, they embrace; the statues behold stories repeated throughout the centuries, dazzling, hypnotizing. The Meenakshi Amman Temple, an overwhelming spectacle, offered a story one could not forget. I, however, could not even begin to understand. An immigrant to the United States, Ive gradually accepted the American culture rather than maintaining my own. At first, not much had changed, my parents and I being each others only friends, I was a shy child to anyone else. Unfortunately, as my horizons widened and interaction with my American surroundings became the norm, the ties between the Indian culture and me slowly began to fade away. It was not that I didnt care, seeing as my parents are strong advocates of religious practice, but religious history was not so strongly enforced. We will write a custom essay sample on Knowledge by the Colors or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Since childhood, Ive understood the basic information regarding our gods and goddesses, but the detailed history of Hinduism and how these Gods came to be, I was not familiar with. At religious gatherings, I was little affected when seeing other Hindu children perform skits and plays, recite poems, and sing songs about our religions history. I couldnt envision any significant benefit from this additional information. However, walking into the grand Meenakshi Amman Temple, I realized how important ethnic history really is. Feeling as if the temples visitors, including my parents, all understood what the sculptures, paintings, and artifacts meant, I was a little jealous. My sister, being the youngest in the family, tapped my hand, pointing to the vibrantly colored paintings. Dada! (Brother) Look at that pink sari! Yeah thats a nice color isnt it? I replied while trying to understand the picture itself. I knew I wouldnt get much satisfaction from this Temple through simply enjoying i ts pretty colors. I was eager to understand the images I was surrounded by. Though I knew my parents were capable of explaining them to me, I decided to approach the priest for answers to my many questions. Being 13 years old at the time, I felt some internal shame for being so ill-informed, but I expected the priest would be happy to indulge my hunger for knowledge. Pujari (priest), ei painting golo kei bolche? (What do these paintings depict?) As predicted, the priest was happy to help, but I could sense his slight surprise in my naivet. This subtle reaction was sufficient for me to realize how important our ethnicity is. As the priest explained the epic legend, MahA?bhA?rata, and its similarities to todays leading issues such as, politics, social arguments, and international relations, I realized the importance of cultural history. The knowledge is simply a necessity. I left the Meenakshi Temple with my fair share of Hinduism history. The existence of many of the Gods made much more sense and I left appreciating my culture more than before. I learned that the expression of ones ethnicity and religious background is key to expressing ones self. Now more knowledgeable about my religion, I recite poems like the other kids, and participate in the events I was once reluctant to. I finally understand my ethnicity, I finally understand my origins, and I finally understand myself.

Insects and Other Arthropods That Make Galls

Insects and Other Arthropods That Make Galls Have you ever noticed unusual lumps, spheres, or masses on trees or other plants? These strange formations are called galls. Galls come in many sizes and shapes. Some galls look and feel like pompoms, while others are hard as rocks. Galls may occur on every part of plants, from the leaves to the roots. What Are Galls? Galls are abnormal growths of plant tissue trigger in response to an injury to or an irritation of the plant, usually (but not always) caused by some living organism. Nematodes, bacteria, fungi, and viruses can all cause the formation of galls on trees, shrubs, and other plants. Most galls, however, result from insect or mite activity. Gallmaking insects or mites initiate gall formation by feeding on a plant, or by laying eggs on plant tissues. The insects or mites interact with the plant during a period of rapid growth, such as when leaves are opening. Scientists believe that gallmakers secrete chemicals that regulate or stimulate plant growth. These secretions cause rapid cell multiplication in the affected area of the meristematic tissue. Galls can only form on growing tissue. Most gallmaking activity occurs in the spring or early summer. Galls serve several important purposes for the gallmaker. The developing insect or mite resides within the gall, where it is sheltered from the weather and from predators. The young insect or mite also feeds on the gall. Eventually, the mature insect or mite emerges from the gall. After the gallmaking insect or mite leaves, the gall remains behind on the host plant. Other insects, such as beetles or caterpillars, may move into the gall for shelter or to feed. Which Insects Make Galls? Insects that make galls include certain kinds of wasps, beetles, aphids, and flies. Other arthropods, like mites, can cause gall formations, too. Each gallmaker produces its own unique gall, and you can often tell which kind of insect made the gall by its shape, texture, size, and host plant. Psyllids  -  Some jumping plant lice, or psyllids, produce galls. If you find galls on hackberry leaves, theres a good chance it was caused by a psyllid. They feed in spring, triggering the formation of two well-known leaf galls: hackberry nipple galls, and hackberry blister galls.Gallmaking aphids  -  Aphids  belonging to the subfamily Eriosomatinae cause gall formations on the stems and petioles of certain trees, most notably cottonwood and poplar. Aphid galls vary in shape, from a cockscomb-shaped growth on elm leaves to a cone-shaped gall that forms on witch hazel.Gallmaking adelgids  -  Gallmaking adelgids target conifers, for the most part. One common species,  Adelges abietis, causes pineapple-shaped galls on Norway and white spruce twigs, as well as on Douglas fir. Another, the Cooley spruce gall adelgid, makes galls that look like cones on Colorado blue spruce and white spruce.Phylloxerans  -  Phylloxerans (family Phylloxeridae), though tiny, do their sha re of gallmaking, too. The most notorious of the group is the grape phylloxera, which produces galls on both the roots and leaves of grape plants. In 1860, this North American insect was accidentally introduced into France, where it nearly destroyed the wine industry. French vineyards had to graft their grape vines onto phylloxera-resistant rootstock from the U.S. to save their industry. Gall wasps  -  Gall wasps, or cynipid wasps, comprise the largest group of gallmaking insects, with over 1,000 species known globally. Cynipid wasps produce most of the galls on oak trees and plants within the rose family. Some gall wasps oviposit in galls created by other species, rather than induce the growth of their own. Cynipid wasps sometimes develop within galls that have fallen from the host plant.  Jumping oak galls  are so named because they roll and bounce around the forest floor as the larva inside moves.Gall midges  -  Gall midges or gall gnats make up the second largest group of gallmaking insects. These true flies belong to the family Cecidomyiidae, and are quite tiny, measuring 1-5 mm in length. The maggots, which develop within the gall, come in strangely bright colors like orange and pink. Midge galls form on various parts of plants, from the leaves to the roots. Common galls formed by gall midges include the pinecone willow gall and the maple leaf spot. Gall flies  -  Some genera of fruit flies produce stem galls.  Eurosta  gall flies develop and overwinter within goldenrod galls. Some  Urophora  gall flies were introduced into North America from their native Europe, as biocontrols for invasive plants like knapweed and bull thistle. Gallmaking sawflies  -  Sawflies produce some unusual galls, most commonly on willows and poplars. The leaf galls induced by  Phyllocolpa  sawflies look like someone crimped or folded the leaves. The sawfly larva feeds within the crinkled leaf.  Pontania  sawflies produce strange, globular galls that protrude through both sides of a willow leaf. Some  Euura  sawflies cause petiole swelling in willows.Gallmaking moths  -  A few moths make galls, too. Some micromoths in the genus  Gnorimoschema  induce stem galls in goldenrod, where the larvae pupate. The midrib gall moth produces an odd leaf formation in buckthorn. The center of the leaf is rolled tight, with the sides joining to form a pouch in which the larva resides.Beetles and weevils  -  A handful of metallic wood-boring beetles (Buprestridae) are known to produce galls in their host plants.  Agrilus ruficollis  induces galls in blackberries.  Ruficollis  translates to redneck, a specific name that refers to this insects red  pronotum. Another species,  Agrilus champlaini, creates galls in Ironwood. Long-horned beetles of the genus  Saperda  also produce galls, in stems and twigs of alder, hawthorn, and poplar. A few weevils also cause swellings in their host plants tissues.  Podapion gallicola, for example, causes galls in pine twigs. Gall mites  -  Gall mites of the family Eriophyidae produce unusual galls on leaves and flowers. The mites begin feeding on their host plants just as buds are opening in the spring. Eriophyid galls may form as finger-like projections or warty bumps on leaves. Some gall mites produce a velvety discoloration of the leaves. Will Galls Damage My Plants? Insect enthusiasts and naturalists probably find insect galls interesting or even beautiful. Gardeners and landscapers, though, may be less enthused to discover insect galls on trees and shrubs and may be concerned about insect gall damage. Fortunately, with few exceptions, insects galls do not damage trees and shrubs. While they may look unsightly, particularly on specimen trees, most healthy, well-established trees and shrubs will be unaffected by galls in the long run. Heavy gall formations may slow growth. Because the negative impact of galls on plants is largely aesthetic, control measures for galls or  gallmaking insects  are rarely warranted. Leaf galls will fall off, either with the leaves themselves or from the leaves once the insect or mite has emerged. Galls on twigs and branches can be pruned out. A gall that has already formed cannot be treated or sprayed to eliminate it. The gall is part of the plant itself. Gallmaking insects, it should be noted, will attract their own biological controls in the form of  parasitoids  and predators. If your landscape is riddled with galls this year, give it time. Nature will restore the balance in your ecosystem.

Commodification vs. Commoditization

Commodification vs. Commoditization Commodification vs. Commoditization Commodification vs. Commoditization By Maeve Maddox When I first encountered the word commoditization, I thought it was just an ugly synonym for commodification. I’ve discovered that–in American business parlance– commoditization is not at all synonymous with commodification. The Oxford English Dictionary has separate entries for both nouns, but assigns commoditization the same definition as commodification: the action of turning something into, or treating something as, a (mere) commodity; commercialization of an activity, etc., that is not by nature commercial. American usage would agree with this as a definition of commodification, but commoditization receives a different definition in Merriam-Webster: commoditization: to render (a good or service) widely available and interchangeable with one provided by another company. In a business context, commoditization occurs when a manufacturer’s product or a provider’s service loses its initial uniqueness in the market. The Web abounds with articles about this phenomenon: Avoiding the Black Hole of Commoditization How Dow Corning Beat Commoditization By Embracing It How to Avoid The Commoditization Trap Software Commoditization vs. Customization 4 Ways Energy Utilities Companies can Beat Commoditization For the consumer, a commodity is merchandise, something to be purchased. For the businessman, a commodity is a product or service that a consumer feels is interchangeable with any other of the same type. Bottom line: Commodification is putting a price on things that shouldn’t have a price, things like friendship, knowledge, and beautiful women. Commoditization is what happens when a name brand is perceived as being no more desirable than the store brand. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Farther vs. FurtherThe Letter "Z" Will Be Removed from the English Alphabet20 Slang Terms for Law Enforcement Personnel

Hazards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hazards - Essay Example Because of the large area that the fire covered, as many as 563 fire personnel, 39 fire engines, 20 fire crews, a helicopter, five dozers, up to nine water tenders, and four fire departments were working side-by-side in order to put a large fire under control. The management responses as well as recovery efforts were deemed successful because compared to other reported incidents in areas up to 400% smaller, the time spent in managing the fire in Flynn Creek Road was comparable in brevity, considering the large area where the wild fire occurred. California Wild Fires as Environmental Hazards Fires have been an integral part of ecosystems and human societies for as long as history has been known. When properly used, it can give a lot of benefits such as clearing lands for agriculture, oxidizing all possibly flammable organic materials, hastening the decomposition process of detritus, and inducing growth in forests (Omi, 2005). However, when fires are left to burn on their own and uncon trolled in rural or woodland areas, fired could gain enough power to destroy nearby buildings, acres of land, or large parts of forest areas, causing numerous damage not just in human settlements but also in the natural environment as well. Thus, it is essential that fires occurring in places that contain many flammable materials and things such as forests and woodlands be controlled as much as possible in order to prevent damages (Omi, 2005). One of the most well-known places often seen in news having reported incidents of uncontrolled fires is the State of California. Fire ecology has been most extensively studied in California, mainly due to its numerous and diverse ecosystems (Sugihara et al., 2009). Wildfires occurring during the hot summer months have been reported as a part of the complex interactions between the environment, the atmosphere, and the climate of California. Due to the natural occurrence of fires in its forests, many plants in California have evolved into fire-t olerant species, some of which even need the fires to complete their life cycles (Sugihara et al., 2009). Still, these wild fires are still needed to be controlled because aside from the potential dangers posed to humans and settlements, entire ecosystems could also get wiped out, disrupting the balance of nature. It is good to know that the number of ignitions reported each year is less important than the size of the area burned, due to the wild fires being controlled at the earliest time possible (Omi, 2005). The knowledge that wild fires are attended to by the Fire Departments give assurance to residents not just in California but also in other places that most wild fires are stopped before extending over larger areas. In one of the most recent reported and managed wild fires by the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, or CAL FIRE, a large area had to be attended by numerous fire personnel in order for the fire to be controlled at the least time possible. In Men docino County in California, an area 195 acres and enclosed by Flynn Creek Road and the Comptche Ukiah Road near the Comptche Community caught fire October 1, at around 2:20 PM (California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, CAL FIRE, 2012). It was fully controlled October 4, at around 6:15 PM, 75 hours after it was first reported. Despite

Art Appreciation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Art Appreciation - Essay Example Although these artists came from different places, their works exhibited some similarities. Equally, they had many differences including the intention and purpose of their artworks. During the ancient time, the pharaohs and other Egyptian authorities were powerful and had much influence on every economic sector. As a result, Egyptians were subjected to strict artistic laws. The authorities ensured every artist in the country worked and performed his/her acts under the specific rules of symmetry enacted by the government (Robins 12). In addition, the authorities dictated their work and used them mostly for ceremonial activities organized in the country. On the other hand, Greeks had freedom and power to perform their arts freely without interference from the government. They had the freedom to use their talents and gifts to experiment with every style and concept they liked or saw. As a result, art in Greece was a way of expressing ones thoughts and ideas freely as opposed to Egypt where artists were restricted and had suggestions of what to do from the authorities. Furthermore, Egyptian artist`s works were much more religion-oriented. They did pictures and portraits depicting their gods with holy writings of the scriptures on their artworks. Most of their royal hieroglyphs and incantations were written throughout their beautiful and attractive pyramids (Robins 18). Furthermore, due to the authoritative and influential nature of their kings and officials, artists viewed their king as holy and divine and did most of their artworks to honor and respect them. In contrast, in Greece artworks were not religious oriented. These groups of brilliant and creative artists did their work based on the philosophy and moral balance. Most of their artworks reflected their thoughts and views on various important and pressing issues in the society and world at large. For instance, Greeks statues exhibited emotions. Greeks brought out their real

The Stereotypical Male Character and Masculinity Essay Example for Free

The Stereotypical Male Character and Masculinity Essay Social pressure often compels people to do things against their own will. The role of the male in a society is based on a stereotypical figure which represents what all real men should be like. In Romeo and Juliet, the protagonist is an effeminate version of the males in his society. As a result, he is depressed and feels left out. Contrarily, Mercutio is a manlier and more provocative male which portrays the alpha male and all his obligations and responsibility that comes along in his society. In Brokeback Mountain, Jack and Ennis portray the image of American cowboys, but ultimately are unable to maintain this image due to their desire for each other. In Romeo and Juliet and Brokeback Mountain, the term masculinity differs depending on the time frame and restrains the role of the male in the society in which they live in. Masculinity works differently in Romeo and Juliet and Brokeback Mountain as it can be represented as an obligation, a facade or a constraint due to social pressure. In Romeo and Juliet, masculinity is regarded as a role that the male is obligated to take in order to satisfy the social construct of his time. Romeo is forced into real society and he feels that he does not have any alternative in his life. Consequently, he is depressed and hopes for someone that could free him of this desperation. Juliet serves as a catalyst in Romeo’s life as she convinces him to be who he is. Unfortunately, his role of the alpha male takes priority as his best friend, Mercutio dies: â€Å"My very friend, hath got this mortal hurt O sweet Juliet, / Thy beauty hath made me effeminate, / And in my temper softened valour’s steel† (Shakespeare act 3. 1, 110-15). Even though Romeo does not want to fight, he is forced to do so or else he would be seen as a coward who let his best friend die in vain. To mask his own weakness, he finds the excuse that Juliet’s beauty blinded his judgement. Furthermore, the harsh reality of the social construct is directly reflected through the family feud between the Capulets and the Montagues. For instance, Tybalt is portrayed as a ruthless thug powered only by his hatred of the Montagues. As such, he is convinced that â€Å"[Romeo] art a villain† (Shakespeare act 3. 1, 60). Romeo represents the complete opposite of the role of the male in his society. He is portrayed as an effeminate man driven by poetry and romance. In contrast, Tybalt plays the role of the straight forward stereotypical male of his time and shows that Romeo’s world is strictly based on duty. Shakespeare shows that masculinity reflects all males in a particular society and that it is displayed differently depending on social construct. In Brokeback Mountain, Jack and Ennis use a masculine facade to repress their own sexuality, but ultimately, their love for each other prove to be stronger. The story takes place in the Bible Belt, a place where sexuality and races are oppressed. Due to this setting, the two lovers are unable to express their affection for each other with normal means. In fact, the fake identities that they create ultimately lead them to destruction. Jack and Ennis are unable to express their true feelings and this restricts them to reach the happiness that they strive. For instance, after their separation, â€Å"Within a mile Ennis fe[els] like someone [is] pulling his guts out [Ennis] fe[els] about as bad as he ever had† (Proulx 18). Unconsciously, Ennis pours his feelings out for Jack and feels that he has lost someone very important. Even though their reality does not allow their union, the desire that they have for each other is real and their bond cannot be broken easily. Furthermore, the relationship between them is special; they are unconditionally attracted to each other and express this attachment with contact. In fact after four years not seeing each other, Jack and Ennis â€Å"seiz[e] each other by the shoulders, hug[s] mightily their mouths came together, and hard† (Proulx 21). As they do not know how else to express their feelings, the best way for them to show their love is by actions. Jack and Ennis’ forbidden love prove to be difficult, but their strong desire for each other proves to be stronger than the image of masculinity that they forged. In both works, masculinity is an insurmountable wall that constrains the characters to move out of their comfort zones. In Romeo and Juliet, the role of the alpha male plays an important part in the story mainly because it is a stimulant which makes the story progress. For instance, Mercutio’s mouth cannot rest and this often puts him into difficult situations. Mercutio’s ego is bigger than he can wield and this reflects in his actions in the dispute between him and Tybalt: â€Å"Men’s eyes were made to look, and let them gaze / I will not budge for no man’s pleasure† (Shakespeare act 3. 1, 53-4). Mercutio is ready to fight till the very end for his own beliefs; he is obstinate and never backs down. This show how little options the alpha male or males in general in this society have as they have to fight every moment for their beliefs since it is the only way for them to feel that they are free. In Brokeback Mountain, Jack and Ennis are engulfed in a world where males are judged by their sexuality. Jack and Ennis are engulfed in a world where love is one dimensional. The forbidden love that the two experience is something that they cannot understand and as such, they try to hide its very existence. In fact, even after many sexual intercourses, Ennis still claims that: â€Å"‘I’m no queer,’ and Jack [also adds] in with ‘Me neither. A one-shot thing. Nobody’s business but ours’ † (Proulx 15). By living in this oppressing environment, the two lovers are unable to express their true feelings as there are no words to express what they really feel for each other. Jack and Ennis are afraid of the boundary that exceeds what they already know as such, they want to stay inside what they already know about love and refuses to believe that their relationship is more than physical. In both works, the stereotypical male role dictates the men’ responsibilities and thus creates a dystopia where men are unable to come across this boundary that they set for themselves. In conclusion, masculinity is an ever changing aspect of a society. It is something that defines the very being of the male in his environment. The man in a particular society holds responsibilities that he cannot escape nor hide from where violence and viciousness is at its peak. In Romeo and Juliet, Mercutio abides to his role as the alpha male, but only receive grief and misfortune. In Brokeback Mountain, Jack and Ennis try to hide their love by acting masculine, but ultimately cannot resist to their temptations. As masculinity evolves throughout societies, the term remains straightforward and stereotypical where there is no escape and where tragedy ensues.

The Third Bank of the River :: Third Bank River Essays

The Third Bank of the River Beginning shortly before the turn of the last century, there was a noticeable trend towards the ambiguous in modern Brazilian literature. Writers such as Machado de Assis and Jorge Amado have both explored the use of the unstated and the forced compromise between extremes that have grown to be so crucial to the modernist movement. No Brazilian author, however, has mastered the compromise quite like Joà £o Guimarà £es Rosa, a man who was once described as not only leading, but preceding the reader "to a place where there is discord and cacophony under which there is a strange harmony†¦the third bank of the river†¦the land every soul craves for." In his collection of short stories, Primeiras Està ³rias (1962), Rosa pays particularly close attention to ambiguity as a main theme in Brazilian backland writing. First translated to English in 1968 under the title First Stories, Primeiras Està ³rias, and in particular, "The Third Bank of the River," is in many ways the defining work of the Brazilian short story. Carl Jung once said "the confrontation of the two positions [of opposites] generates a tension charged with energy and creates a living, third thing."1 In "The Third Bank of the River," Joà £o Guimarà £es Rosa does just that by first exploring these separate, symbolic opposites in the lives of members of the narrator’s family. He then crafts, out of the conflict, a third position which can be, at best, described as a compromise between the two extremes. Often times, these extremes are the very definitions of characterization we come to expect in a short story, and, by blurring these lines, Rosa is able to also blur "The Third Bank of the River" into a work of ambiguous and allegorical nature. By never exactly defining the third essence that is created, the author is able to explore this clearly important topic in greater depth. The importance of the crossing is that, in every case the author presents, it represents the journey from one position to its opposite, continuing un til the characters reach their final destination: the third, intermediate situation. It is in this way that father’s crossing has a profound effect on the family (most notably the narrator) and the way they conduct the rest of their lives. The important thing to recognize immediately about "The Third Bank of the River" is that it can either be read as a literal retelling of the events or as a metaphor concerning the death of a loved one.

Administrative Policy

The case of Mrs. Kelly and Mr. Eldridge are different in nature. Mrs. Kelly is fighting for her welfare benefits, while Mr. Eldridge is fighting for his disability benefit. Under the same point, they are both claiming that the terminations of their benefits were made without giving them the opportunity to undergo a â€Å"pre-evidentiary hearing†, which they both believe is a deprivation of their rights to enjoy the benefits of due process of law.While both of them are entitled to be given pre-evidentiary hearing, but the nature of their benefits, and the circumstances that they are fighting are totally different. Mr. Eldridge’s case can be easily won; it only requires an effort of collecting medical information, as the case itself tackles disability benefit eligibility, Compared to Mrs. Kelly’s case, Mr. Eldridge has lots of options for proving his eligibility.On the other hand, Mrs. Kelly’s case requires a deeper type of inquiry to prove her eligibility. However, under both are entitled to be given due process. But the court had prioritized Mrs. Kelly’s case as it requires broader scope of study compared to Mr. Eldridge. The court just wants to set priorities on their caseloads at hand. Under the Goss v. Lopez, and the Ingraham v. Wright cases, again the weight of the interest and the liberty which is at stake is given higher value. In the first case, there were two major areas which are considered. First, students are entitled to avail education at schools. Second, expulsion, suspension, or any disciplinary actions imposed by schools can have an effect on the morality of the student.Considering these two points, the school can’t impose disciplinary actions to students without pre-evidentiary hearing, because the degree of risk associated with imposing penalties is very high, therefore, it should be cautiously done. On the second case, complainants were fighting against imposing corporal punishment at schools. Imposing physical punishments such as paddling, betting, or forcing students to do shameless activities is against the law.Students have the rights to be protected from such actions. However, this strategy of disciplining students has been traditionally applied by the school. Although this also involves degrading the morality of the students, or inflicting physical abuse, but this is still different from the Goss v. Lopez case.The first case was characterized by imposing suspension, or expulsion, therefore, the student’s right to avail the right education is suppressed. But in either case, the presence of pre-evidentiary hearing is required; however, this is again another issue of prioritizing caseloads at the hands of the courts. Pickering and Nurse Churchill’s cases differ in nature. Both employees were entitled to their rights to speak about their opinion. However, Pickering’s allegations are more viewed as an issue of public concern. The nature at which Mr. Pickerin g spoke of his idea is more reasonable and formal in nature, he wrote it in address to the people whom he wants to question.But Churchill’s case was somewhat like spreading rumors or hearsay. Mr. Pickering’s case can be easily protected under the rights to speech while Churchill has more complexities.All cases have good grounds on due process recognition. However, the aspect of how it can be processed under their claims requires more effort which the courts and other judicial system prioritize in terms of the validity of its claims and the level of interest and liberty of the different parties at stake.

Traditions in British Culture

Traditions in Britain Culture Britain is full of various types of traditions. They have been around for hundreds of years. When most people think of Britain they think of eating Fish and Chips, or drinking tea and wearing bowler hats. There is a lot more to it than just that. St. George’s day is one of the most important days for England. It is known as their national day. April 23rd is when St. George’s day is celebrated. St. George is the patron saint of England, he protested against the Romans torture of Christians and died because of his beliefs.On Sundays the main meal of the day is often eaten at midday instead of in the evening. This meal usually is a Roast Dinner consisting of roast meat, Yorkshire pudding and two or three kinds of vegetables. Symbols that identify British Culture include: †¢The three national symbols: †¢The Union Jack: The flag of the United Kingdom, it dates back to 1603. When James VI (6th) of Scotland inherited the English and Iris h thrones. Joining together the crowns of England, Scotland and Ireland in a personal union. The Red Rose: It is the national flower of England. †¢And the three Lions Crest also known as the Royal Arms of England: The three golden lions on a red background, symbolizing England †¢The Royal Family: Queen Elizabeth, Prince Phillip, Prince Charles, Prince William, and Prince Harry. †¢Royal Guards: Life Guard, Foot Guard and Beefeater †¢On the Streets of England: Red double decker buses, Black taxi cabs, Pillar box (Post Box) and Telephone Box †¢ Song:God Save the Queen is the English anthem, it can also be known as God save the King when the Monarch is a male. When sung people usually only sings one or two of the verses, since over the years many people have contributed into adding another verse into the song. The many candidates for authorship on this song include John Bull, Thomas Ravenscroft, Henry Purcell, and Henry Carey. Currency: The pound sterling, often simply called the pound, is the currency of the United Kingdom. It is subdivided into 100 pence. Singular form is a penny) Education: British children are required by law to have an education until they are 16 years old and after that they are free to not go to school. Education is compulsory, but school is not. Children aren’t required to attend school, but the only other option is to be educated at home. The main school holidays are: Christmas (2 weeks long), Spring- 2 weeks long, and summer that is 6 weeks long. There are also one-week holidays that are at the end of October, the middle of February and the end of may.

Brevity in Speech and Writing

Brevity in Speech and Writing Brevity is shortness in duration and/or conciseness of expression in a  speech  or a  written text. Contrast with verbosity. Brevity is generally considered a stylistic virtue as long as its not achieved at the expense of clarity. Examples and Observations If you would be pungent, be brief; for it is with words as with sunbeamsthe more they are condensed, the deeper they burn.(Robert Southey)Brevity is a great charm of eloquence.(Cicero)How brief? Well, as brief as possible but not so brief that the message doesnt get across. But messages vary so. Beat it! is short enough but very long when you reckon in the attitude that comes with it. . . . Brevity, then, depends on the message. . .Brevity, in most human communication, remains a variable governed by social relationships as much as by factual baggage. One is brief in all kinds of ways, and Poloniuss objection, This is too long, always means Too long for this person, place, and time.(Richard Lanham, Analyzing Prose, 2nd ed. Continuum, 2003)[S]ince brevity is the soul of wit,And tediousness the limbs and outward flourishes,I will be brief . . ..(Polonius in William Shakespeares Hamlet, Act 2, scene 2)There are no hard and fast rules in writing for the ear, but after more than fifty year s of working at it, I believe in some rough guidelines.Two of them are: short is usually better than long and dont waste words. The bank robber Willie Sutton got it right when he was asked why he robbed banks. Thats where the money is, he replied. Have you ever heard three words that convey a message better than stick em up, or Ive had it! or Im outta here? Have you ever heard anyone express himself better, faster, or more to the point than the judge who had the following exchange in his courtroom: As God is my judge, the defendant said, I am not guilty. To which the magistrate answered, Hes not! I am! You are!Now thats good writing. No unnecessary adverbs or adjectives, just telling it like it is. Dont be afraid to write the way people talk.(Don Hewitt, Tell Me a Story: Fifty Years and 60 Minutes in Television, PublicAffairs, 2001) Brevity in Presentations Edit ruthlessly. Brevity, always a virtue, is doubly so when youre trying to avoid watering down your impact. Matt Eventoff, principal of Princeton Public Speaking, in Princeton, N.J., says: This is stuff we’ve all known instinctivelyanyone who’s sat in a corporate meeting over the past 20 years, with slide after slide after slide of information. It can be very powerful information, but it’s overwhelmingyou don’t know what it’s saying. Are we in good shape or in bad shape? You can’t tell. When all the points of your presentation don’t back up your streamlined theme, you really risk losing people and also potentially turning them off. (Christopher Bonanos, Quit While Youre Ahead. Bloomberg Businessweek, Dec. 3-Dec. 9, 2012) Brevity and Conciseness Brevity is often used indifferently with conciseness; but when any difference is implied, then properly speaking, brevity refers to the matter, conciseness to the style. In fact, when brevity of style is spoken of, it may be considered synonymous with conciseness. Strictly speaking, however, brevity merely implies the use of few words, while conciseness implies a great deal of matter concentrated in a small space. (Elizabeth Jane Whately, A Selection of English Synonyms, 1852) Brevity and Clarity It must be recognized that it is very difficult for those giving attention to brevity also to give due care to clarity; for often we either make the language unclear for the sake of clarity or for claritys sake we have to speak at length. It is necessary, then, to be on the lookout whether the brevity is proportional, neither leaving out anything necessary nor including more than is needed. (Nicolaus the Sophist, quoted by George A. Kennedy in Progymnasmata: Greek Textbooks of Prose Composition and Rhetoric. Society of Biblical Literature, 2003) Safires Contrarian View of Brevity Every book on writing you can find these days says essentially the same thing: keep it short. Take it a bite at a time. Dispense with the adjectival frills. Put the punch in the verb and not the adverb (he added weakly). Edit, edit, edit, and avoid repetition. Less is more, spare is fair. . . Maybe we are going overboard. The burst of the business memo, the snap-and-spit of the television news bite, the mincing sentences of post-Hemingway novelistsall have led to the canonization of brevity.. Introduce it, lay it out, sum it up. The dash is dead. It is not for nothing, as the Communists say, that the hottest word in communication is briefing. (William Safire, Introduction: Watch My Style. Language Maven Strikes Again. Doubleday, 1990) The Lighter Side of Brevity People whose vision is perfect in every other respect suffer from a curious astigmatism which prevents them from recognizing a stopping point when they come to it. We suggest to some ingenious inventor that he devise a combination of time clock and trip hammer by which a dull, blunt instrument shall be liberated at the end of five minutes so that it may fall with great force, killing the after dinner speaker and amusing the spectators. (Heywood Broun, We Have With Us This Evening. Pieces of Hate and Other Enthusiasms. Charles H. Doran, 1922)[Calvin Coolidges] most celebrated trait was his taciturnity. An oft-told story, which has never been verified, is that a woman sitting next to him at dinner gushed, Mr. President, my friend bet me that I wouldnt be able to get you to say three words tonight. You lose, the president supposedly responded.(Bill Bryson, One Summer: America, 1927. Doubleday, 2013) EtymologyFrom the Latin, short

The Tragic Life, Murder Case of Dr. Sam Sheppard

The Tragic Life, Murder Case of Dr. Sam Sheppard Marilyn Sheppard was brutally murdered while her husband, Dr. Sam Sheppard, slept downstairs. Dr. Sheppard was sentenced to life in prison for the murder. He was eventually freed from prison, but the scars of the injustices he had to endure were permanent. Attorney F. Lee Bailey fought for Sheppards freedom, and won. Sam and Marilyn Sheppard Sam Sheppard was voted the man Most Likely to Succeed by his senior high school class. He was athletic, smart, good looking, and came from a good family. Marilyn Sheppard was attractive, with hazel eyes and long brown hair. The two began dating while in high school and eventually married after Sam graduated from the Los Angeles Osteopathic School of Physicians in September 1945. After he had graduated from medical school, Sam continued his studies and received his Doctor of Osteopathy degree. He went to work at the Los Angeles County Hospital. His father, Dr. Richard Sheppard, and his two older brothers Richard and Stephen also doctors, were running a family hospital and convinced Sam to return to Ohio in the summer of 1951 to work in the family practice. By this point, the young couple had a four-year-old son, Samuel Reese Sheppard (Chip), and with a loan from Sams father, they purchased their first home. The home sat on a high cliff overlooking Lake Erie shore in Bay Village, a semi-elite suburb of Cleveland. Marilyn settled into the life of being married to a physician. She was a mother, homemaker, and taught Bible classes at their Methodist Church. A Marriage in Trouble The couple, both sports enthusiasts, spent their leisure time playing golf, water skiing, and having friends over for parties. To most, Sam and Marilyns marriage seemed free of problems, but in truth, the marriage was suffering due to Sams infidelities. Marilyn knew about Sams affair with a former Bay View nurse named Susan Hayes. According to Sam Sheppard, although the couple experienced problems, divorce was never discussed as they worked to revitalize their marriage. Then tragedy struck. A Bushy Haired Intruder On the night of July 4, 1954, Marilyn, who was four months pregnant, and Sam entertained neighbors until midnight. After the neighbors left, Sam fell asleep on the couch and Marilyn went to bed. According to Sam Sheppard, he was awakened by what he thought was his wife calling his name. He ran to their bedroom and saw someone who he described later as a bushy haired man fighting with his wife but was immediately struck on the head, rendering him unconscious. When Sheppard awoke, he checked the pulse of his blood-covered wife and determined she was dead. He then went to check on his son and found him unharmed. Hearing noises coming from downstairs, he ran down and discovered the back door open. He ran outside and could see someone moving toward the lake and as he caught up with him, the two began to fight. Sheppard was struck again and lost consciousness. For months, Sam would describe what happened over and over- but few believed him. Sam Sheppard Is Arrested Sam Sheppard was arrested for the murder of his wife on July 29, 1954. On Dec. 21, 1954, he was found guilty of second-degree murder and sentenced to life in prison. A pre-trial media blitz, a biased judge, and police that focused only on one suspect, Sam Sheppard, resulted in a wrongful conviction that would take years to overturn. Soon after the trial, Sams mother committed suicide on Jan. 7, 1955. Within two weeks, Sams father was dead from a gastric ulcer that hemorrhaged. F. Lee Bailey Fights for Sheppard After the death of Sheppards lawyer, F. Lee Bailey was hired by the family to take over Sams appeals. On July 16, 1964, Judge Weinman freed Sheppard after finding five violations of Sheppards constitutional rights during his trial. The judge said the trial was a mockery of justice. While in prison, Sheppard corresponded with Ariane Tebbenjohanns, a wealthy and beautiful blond woman from Germany. The two married the day after his release from prison. Back to Court In May 1965, a federal appeals court voted to reinstate his conviction. On Nov. 1, 1966, a second trial began, but this time with special attention given to ensuring that Sheppards constitutional rights were protected. After 16 days of testimony, the jury found Sam Sheppard not guilty. Once free, Sam returned to work in medicine, but he also started drinking heavily and using drugs. His life quickly dissolved when he was sued for malpractice after one of his patients died. In 1968, Ariane divorced him and said he had stolen money from her, threatened her physically, and was abusing alcohol and drugs. A Life Lost For a short time, Sheppard got into the world of pro wrestling. He used his neurological background to promote a nerve hold he used in competition. In 1969, he married his wrestling managers 20-year-old daughter- although records of the marriage have never been located. On April 6, 1970, Sam Sheppard died of liver failure as a result of heavy drinking. At the time of his death, he was an insolvent and broken man. His son, Samuel Reese Sheppard (Chip), has devoted his life to clearing his fathers name.

Fuel Cells Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fuel Cells - Essay Example The fuel cell is designed such that a proton-conducting polymer membrane separates the anode and the cathode. On the anode electrode, hydrogen diffuses to the anode catalyst, and it later dissociates into protons and electrons. The protons will react with oxygen molecules at the cathode side, infusing via the polymer electrolyte membrane as well as the electrons coming through the outer circuit to make water molecules. The protons are conducted through the membrane to the cathode while the electrons travel through an external circuit since the covering is insulated electrically. The reaction on the cathode electrode involves oxygen molecules and both the electrons and the protons (Scherer 35). Phosphoric acid fuel cell In this type of cell, hydrogen ions are passed to the cathode using phosphoric acid. These cells usually work at moderate temperatures. The relatively high temperatures cause a heat and energy loss if the heat is not removed and properly used. The heat can be turned into a useful source of energy for air conditioners and other thermal energy consuming systems (Onovwiona ans Ugursal 389). This property makes the phosphoric acid fuel cell more useful and improves the efficiency to about 80%. The anode electrode in this cell uses a platinum catalyst that accelerates the conversion of hydrogen into free ions and electrons are produced (Scherer 34). The electrons travel from the anode to the cathode cell through an external electrical circuit since phosphoric acid is a non-conducting electrolyte.

Principles of Operations Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Principles of Operations Management - Assignment Example Receipt of raw materials and dispatch of products From the requirements projected it is learned that this firm has a receipt of raw materials and dispatch of produced goods in quite reasonable quality. This demands the following. a) Receipt area should be near to the road, b) Receipt area has sufficient vehicle parking area. c) Receipt area has sufficient space for material handling equipments and men to work. d) Dispatch area should again be near to road e) In order to avoid difficulties in traffic management ,both receipt and dispatch area is required to be at both axis. Re-Layout of shop floor Generally when considering a re lay out the following should be kept in the mind. a)saving space by utilizing unused areas, b)save resources by reducing distances between similar machineries and related process, c) arrange the equipments/machineries/steps in progressive manner, d) save man and machine efforts by placing more of raw/incomplete products in a given sequence to achieve shorter distance, e)further developments :- always think 10 years in advance and anticipate the automation and use of robots for all production activities. Justification of layout of sections 1. Saw Sawing is given 90 sqm according to the requirement. It need to be near the entrance to facilitate easy movements of raw materials to the shop. Since here the receipt of raw materials is involved there will be lot of movements of personnel consignment carriers had own supervisors and workers. Hence it is located next to the walkway .IT is placed near to the road at the approach to facilitate sufficient parking space to the vehicles. safety of the workers is very important at this sect. 2. Press 1 This is a process required immediately after sawing. Hence need to be next or near to sawing area to

Statement of Purpose for applying master program Essay

Statement of Purpose for applying master program - Essay Example For example, back then I would make small investments in form of lending money to my roommate for his sandwich, and waiting for him to return the favor in form of a sandwich and an extra cup of coffee. After I attended college, I realized that in theoretical terminology the coffee I got along with the sandwich was the interest payment. Such small associations between simple life instances and the field of Finance allured me all the more and initiated my love for the subject. My mother, who has a Masters in Finance, would often enquire what I learnt at school over video chat from Beijing and my answers would include terms such as â€Å"journal recording, cap rate, Excel usage for IRR calculation etc.† Obviously she understood the terms and would advice me to practice and apply the acquired skills. However a single question had always been embedded in my mind- a question that even my mother could not answer- Why do the concepts I learnt at school look so simple?I would often try to understand the reason behind learning and applying the skills, because if a simple Excel function and basic coding was enough to calculate the things such as the IRR, then according to me ,investment banks such as J.P. Morgan simply wasted money in hiring financial analysts to do the â€Å"simple calculations† that even a computer programming could do. Similar questions related to this has always been on my mind for example even though tons of NBA players have the ability to shoot the basket well, why does Kobe Bryant earn the highest salary? I would always look for an answer that would help me understand such puzzling occurrences.Lastly, I have found the answer to my question in just three words- â€Å"Nearest to perfect† and even to this day I believe in it. The truth is, every single student attending a valuation class learns the skills of forecasting a firm’s next year’s cash flows and using Discounted Cash Flow Model to calculate the NPV.

Balanced Scorecard In Hsbc Bank Accounting Essay

Balanced Scorecard In Hsbc Bank Accounting Essay CHAPTER 1 In the past decades, many organizations were facing intensive pressures for changes in strategies and structures without a proper human resource management and performance management model (Weng, 2011). It has been a challenge to many managers to measure and appraise their human capital with an increasing and constantly changing volume of employees across the organization at different levels as well as across different geographic locations with high consistency and standards. Therefore, it is crucial that organizations have a strategic management tool. Much debate has been taken to find the most effective way of measuring not only a companys financial performance but also how the company satisfies its customers and employees (Kocakulah and Austill, 2007). Then in 1992, Kaplan and Norton introduced a BSC model. Their concept of BSC has opened a new field in the literature of management control (Franco and Bourne, 2003). Since then, BSC has been an interesting topic that many academic authors choose to write. The reasons why the researcher is interested to write about BSC are as following. First, it is essential that performance measurement be of great significance to an organization, playing as a tool in conveying the companys strategies to individuals objectives (Smith and Kim, 2005). Drucker (1954) also highlighted that all employees, from a big boss to a junior clerk, should have personal performance objectives that aligns strongly to the companys strategy. Therefore, the application of BSC really helps organizations to depict such objectives evidently. According to Kocakulah and Austill (2007), when structural changes and job specifications become more complex, it is required to develop a methodology and formula that can align the organizational strategies and main principles with performance measurement and management indicators. Kaplan and Norton (1992, cited in Kaplan, 2010) recognized that any comprehensive measurement and management system has to link operational performance improvements to customer and financial performance. Second, BSC was presented as the most practical and comprehensive performance measurement model and has then become a popular strategic tool amongst managers all over the world (Sanayei et al., 2011). In recent years, the BSC has been a comprehensive model when looking at management issues for financial and non-financial purposes and has been very popular as it attracts a lot of attention (Norreklit, 2000). It has been widely used by many companies and has gained worldwide acceptance as a useful tool for management. From 1992 to 2000, more than 200 companies adopted the BSC method (Kaplan and Norton, 2001 cited in Kocakulah and Austill, 2007). In 2001, David Norton estimated that about 50 percent of large organizations in the United States were using the BSC, about 45 percent in Europe; and about a third of the large organizations in Australia used the BSC (Weber et al., 2001 cited in Kocakulah and Austill, 2007). Another recent study by Bain Company indicated that 57 percent of fir ms worldwide use the balanced scorecard, including 75 percent of large firms and 64 percent of firms in North America (Rigby and Bilodeau, 2005). The Harvard Business Review in 1997 listed it as one of the 75 most influential ideas of the 20th century (Bible et al., 2006). Apparently, BSC  has become the leading strategic management system of the 21st century. Organizations use the scorecard to create an entirely new performance management framework that puts strategy at the centre of key management processes and systems (Kaplan and Norton, 2001). Third, BSC has been chosen by many financial and banking institutions as a key to achieving a successful execution of their strategic plans (Frigo et al., 2000), whereas Aranda and Arellano (2010) stated that it is for strategic development and performance measurement. As a result, BSC was chosen by HSBC Bank to put into use in its early stage of starting business in Vietnam. Throughout all these stages, BSC has always been used at all levels as (i) a strategic tool to connect organizational goals with 1500-employees targets and (ii) a standard performance measurement system to drive individual performance, evaluate their achievements and create values (HSBC Vietnam, 2011). HSBC Bank, a member of HSBC Holdings Group, is one of the worlds largest financial institutions and the biggest foreign bank in Vietnam. It established the first full-service branch in Ho Chi Minh City in 1995 and then expanded to 17 branches and offices across the nation. It strategically focuses on Premier Centers with a purpose of delivering world-class international services to high-profile customers. Currently there are one Premier Centre in Hanoi (the North) and one in Ho Chi Minh City (the South) (HSBC Vietnam, 2012) serving a number of 6,000 Premier customers. Forth, the role of BSC in HSBC has been strongly recognized by either employees or managers at all levels. At Group and business level, it supports the implementation of the business strategy, ensuring that all aspects that contribute to its success are taken into account. At a team level, it helps managers align their objectives with those of the business and focus their efforts and resources on what is most relevant. Individually, it helps an employee understand how her/his work links with and affects the success of the organization (HSBC Vietnam, 2011). The effects of performance measurement and management at HSBC Vietnam have been evaluated through surveys conducted bank-wide to collect employees feedback and response. Such surveys then supported managements strategic analysis and improvement plan (HSBC Vietnam, 2011). However, there has been little empirical research into whether the balanced scorecard actually works in practice (Neely, 2008). Moreover, as pointed out by Hung-Yi Wu (2012), most of the BSC-related studies have focused mainly on performance measures rather than the causal relationships between key performance indicators for the purpose of strategy implementation. This is the first time a research is conducted in HSBC (Vietnam) Ltd. at a more focused level with specific attributes directly related to individual BSCs perspectives and potential relationships as well as their impacts. Accordingly, the author chooses to study on the below topic: BALANCED SCORECARD IN HSBC BANK (VIETNAM) LTD. PREMIER CENTERS: POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE EFFECTS 1.2. SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY The initial purpose of this study is to gain further understanding of BSC and its role as a performance management tool in an organization. Many studies by Gates (1999), Lingle and Schiemann (1996) suggested that organizations managed through balanced performance measurement systems perform better than those that are not. Therefore, the research can help figure out positive results on a specific organization using the scorecard to support those ideas. Besides, it will serve as a guide to business strategy planning. According to Davis and Albright (2004) and Littler et al. (2000), banks can save an enormous amount of time and money if they understand which measures, financial or non-financial, are best suited to their needs. As such, it is expected that the study can indicate whether the current BSC applied in HSBC is ideal in a way that an appropriate mix of performance drivers and outcome measures has been tailored to the business units strategy (Frigo et al., 2000). In addition, the study reemphasizes the important role and positive effects of BSC on an organizations strategy implementation. As mentioned by Hung-Yi Wu in his 2012 work, banking institutions must develop an effective way to align their strategies with corporate goals based on performance analyses if they are to sustain their competitive advantages. Such effective way is recommended to be the BSC model, which is proved to be a useful and efficient tool in communicating organizations goals and targets to all bank staff and in performance measurement (Bible, et al., 2006). Moreover, the research is to identify good points related to BSC in both academic publications and real-world experiences of an organization. Apart from that, the research helps the author and readers analyze the difference of BSC from theoretical to practical perspectives based upon feedback of surveyed employees. Accordingly, it is good to understand how BSC has been adapted and implemented in the context of HSBC in Vietnam, which is, as pointed out by Burney and Swanson (2010), integral to the development of systems that will effectively obtain organizational goals. The research will definitely give more insights of the banks BSC implementation process and effectiveness. Furthermore, the research will reveal HSBC employees satisfaction level and specific feedback on the banks BSC system and increase understanding of its strategic link and potential relationships between BSC measures in practice. It allows the business to stay competitive and profitable (Zeng and Zhao, 2005) in sustainable development. However, apart from the positive effects of BSC on HSBCs execution of strategy, the research also helps to figure out some gaps and areas for attention and improvement that will be analyzed in the following chapters. In case its results are appreciated and draw the attention of higher management then it can make further contribution to the development and acknowledged effectiveness of BSC in HSBC Vietnam. This article may help the management to focus on the need to complete the implementation of BSC system to maximize its benefits and minimize the negative effects. The disclosure of the shortcomings, if any, is crucial as it will entice organizations to search for measurement systems that support them better in the challenging business environment (de Waal and Counet, 2009). With these above reasons, the author strongly believes that the topic Balanced Scorecard in HSBC Bank (Vietnam) Ltd. Premier Centers: positive and negative effects will help the readers get more into the research. 1.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND QUESTIONS According to Varkevisser, Pathmanathan Brownlee (2003), the objectives of a research project summarize what is to be achieved by the study. It is advised by Ababa (2005) that if specific objectives are properly formulated, they will facilitate the development of research methodology and will help to orient the collection, analysis, interpretation and utilization of data. Therefore, these objectives should be closely related to the research problem (Saunders et al., 2009). Furthermore, objectives should be logical, coherent, feasible, realistic and considering local conditions as well as being defined in operational terms that can be measured and phrased to clearly meet the purpose of the study (Ababa, 2005). With the topic: Balanced Scorecard in HSBC Vietnam Ltd. Premier Centers: positive and negative effects, six objectives of the study are determined as following. To understand the concept of BSC and its perspectives as a performance measurement tool, To identify positive and negative effects of BSC in HSBC Vietnam, To measure if HSBC BSC model is different compared to an ideal model, To evaluate the relationship between employee understanding of the organizations objectives with a well-performing organization, To analyze the causal relationships (if any) amongst four perspectives of BSC, and To identify the weakest one of the four perspectives to improve. With these research objectives, the study is to be conducted to clearly answer the questions relevant to the topic as below. What is the Balanced Scorecard and its four components? What are HSBC BSC positive and negative effects? What is an ideal BSC model and what is HSBC BSC compared to it? How do HSBC employees understand the organizations objectives and its relationship with a well performing organization? Are there any relationships amongst four perspectives? Which one among the four perspectives needs more focus? 1.4 BOUNDARY OF THE STUDY Due to the limitation of time and scope of work, this research only focuses on a small group of employees, hereinafter mentioned as those working at two Premier Centers in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, but not extended to the entire number of about 1500 employees bank-wide. Two Premier Centers have a number of 60 staff including Premier Center Managers, Sales Managers, Relationship Officers, Services Managers, Services Assistants, Counter Officers and tellers. As such, the findings and results are only representative of part of the real figures and possibly not completely accurate. In addition, the research is only conducted at employees level or a single group of employees point of view rather than on the senior managements stand point, then there will be some imbalanced justifications and explanation after the survey. It is hoped that once the research methodology is proved to be trustworthy enough to the representative sample, it will be supported to apply to the whole bank with full participation of employees at all levels including senior managers to get a broader view and more precise results. 1.5 OUTLINE STRUCTURE This paper consists of five main chapters. Chapter 1: Introduction This 2389-word section is an introduction to the research, serving as an explanatory background to what leads the author to the chosen topic and why to choose the topic. In addition, it is followed by a brief summary of significance of the study and key issues that the research work intends to address. The scope of study is also included in the first chapter in order to narrow the boundary and put the focus on the research area. Chapter 2: Literature Review This 4836-word chapter is the theoretical background of the study focusing on the relevant literature and theories on performance measurement, balanced scorecard and its perspectives. It helps to demonstrate an understanding of the research topic and its surrounding content. At this stage, it is important to critically review many academic authors points of view on the research topic and related issues. From those literatures, specific hypotheses are developed as a foundation to start the research. Chapter 3: Methodology In this part, the research philosophy, strategy, method and approach used in this study are described. It also presents the process of gathering data, sampling method, implementation of questionnaires and techniques of analysis. Some ethical issues when conducting this research in a banking organization like HSBC are also mentioned. 3836 is the number of words in this chapter. Chapter 4: Data Analysis and Discussion This section outlines the findings and results of information collection at HSBC as conducted in chapter 3. Feedback from its employees will be revealed through a list of figures and tables. The proposed hypotheses will be further discussed based on the results. There are 3897 words for this chapter. Chapter 5: Conclusions and Recommendations This is a summary of the main conclusions of this research and feasible recommendations to the research issues. Some limitations and suggestions for next researches are also included. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction This chapter will cover the literature on performance measurement, strategy map, balance scorecard and its role in aligning organizational goals to the strategy. By studying related literature on BSC, it is seen that BSC really plays a significant role in the success of an organization and that it helps to measure the success of the strategy (Kaplan and Norton, 2001). Schneiderman (1999) stated that balanced scorecards that did not have a sound foundation would fail. Therefore, this chapter will summarize the positive and negative effects of BSC collected from many studies and elaborate hypotheses to predict the effects of BSC in practice of a specific organization. Additionally, it is learnt from this chapter that the four perspectives of BSC are inter-related, and that even though financial results are very important, delivering long term value and success will require a focus on non-financial factors including high performing people, efficient processes and effective customer serv ices (Kaplan and Norton, 1996). The following part is related conceptualization on the research content. 2.2 Performance Measurement 2.2.1 Definition Performance measurement is defined by Lebas (1995) as a system by which a company monitors its daily operations and evaluates whether it is attaining its objectives. Meanwhile, Lichiello and Turnock (1999) define it as the selection and use of quantitative measures of capacities, processes, and outcomes to develop information about critical aspects of activities, including their effect on the public. Basically, it is considered part of a performance management system (Sanayei et al., 2011) and is set aligned with the organizations strategy. According to Hronec (1993), performance measurement system is a tool for balancing multiple measures (cost, quality, and time) across multiple levels (organization, processes and people). While it was suggested by Green et al. (1991) to target the value-added activities of the company, Kaplan (1991) suggested that an effective performance measurement system should provide timely, accurate feedback on the efficiency and effectiveness of operations. In fact, organizations always plan to build an effective tool to help them manage the performance and well achieve the targets. 2.2.2 The role of performance measurement According to Christian C. Johnson (2007), it is important to understand why measuring an organizations performance is both necessary and vital. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ An organization operating without a performance measurement system is like an airplane flying without a compass, a Formula One race car driver guiding his car blindfolded, or a CEO operating a company without a strategic planà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The purpose of measuring performance is not only to know how a business is performing but also to enable it to perform better. The ultimate aim of implementing a performance measurement system is to improve the performance of an organization so that it may better serve its customers, employees, owners, and stakeholders. Basically, a performance measurement system enables an enterprise to plan, measure, and control its performance according to a pre-defined strategy (Johnson, 2007). Many authors including Atkinson and McCrindell (1997), De Toni and Tonchia (2001), as cited in Pongatichat and Johnston (2008), have identified its benefits as a tool to (i) communicate the organizations strategic direction, strategic priorities, (ii) create a shared understanding, (iii) monitor and track the implementation of strategy, (iv) align short-term actions with long-term strategy, (v) make clear the links between performance of individuals and sub-units, and sub-units and overall organizational performance, (vi) promote integration among various organizational processes, (vii) focus change efforts, and (viii) facilitate organizational learning. 2.2.3 Different performance measurement models Many researches on banking performance measurement used traditional measures like statistical analysis (Arshadi Lawrence, 1987; Devlin Gerrard, 2005), structural equation models (SEM) (Collier, 1995), multi-criteria classification methodology (PARCLAS) (Kosmidou et al., 2006) and DEA (Giokas, 2008). In the meantime, Wu et al. (2011), Chen et al. (2008), and Meyer and Markiewicz (1997) chose to adopt the four BSC perspectives, including both financial and non-financial indicators. In their 1992 work, Kaplan and Norton also described performance measurement as a way to review an organizations financial and non-financial goals. Figure 2.1 summarizes the selection indicators of banking performance measurement that have been investigated in several important studies, along with their main analytical methods (Wu et al., 2011). According to Weber et al. (2001) and Bible et al. (2006), traditional measures no longer worked effectively because those measures relied so strongly on financial indicators and did not sufficiently cover other critical factors like skills, competencies, and motivation of employees; customer and supplier relationships; innovative product development; databases and information technologies; efficient and responsive operating processes; innovation in products and services; customer loyalty and relationships; and political, regulatory, and societal approval. Meanwhile, the BSC can cover all these measures in a more specific and appropriate way that supports management in implementing organizational goals.

Inherit the Wind- Freedom to Think Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Inherit the Wind, based on the famous â€Å"Scopes Monkey Trial† in the small town Dayton, Tennessee, was written by Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee. The play was not intended to depict the actual history or the proceedings in the Scopes’ trial but it was used as a vehicle for exploring social anxiety and ant-intellectualism that existed in the Americas during the1950s. Lawrence and Lee wrote the play as a response to the threat to intellectual freedom presented by the anti-Communist hysteria of the McCarthy era. The major themes depicted in the Inherit the Wind include the intellectual curiosity, narrow-mindedness or limited perception, the importance of religion, and the relationship between the perception of others and self-worth portrayed by the characters in the play. The characters include Henry Drummond, Matthew Harrison Brady, E.K Hornbeck, Bert Cates and Rachel Brown; they represented the ideas and ways of thinking that existed then and no w.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Inherit the Wind took place in the small town of Hillsboro in which ‘the time was not too long ago.’ Bert Cates, a young teacher, who is imprisoned in the jail for teaching evolution to his high school biology class. The Reverend’s daughter and Cate’s fiancà ©e, Rachel, urges Cates to tell the town what he did was wrong and he is sorry; however, the town firmly believes that Cates is wrong and awaiting for Matthew Harrison Brady to come to town to prosecute Cates. Brady is a three time presidential candidate and firm believer in the Bible. The town hung a banner â€Å"Read your Bible† on courthouse and paraded the streets enthusiastically singing â€Å"Give me that old-time religion† when Brady arrives into town. Also arriving in Hillsboro, is E.K Hornbeck of the Baltimore Herald, who is cynical reporter and comments on everything. Hornbeck informs Brady that he will be arguing against Henry Drummond in court. The town see s Drummond as the devils advocate. Drummond arrives in town with little notice and is shunned by the people in town. In the course of the trial, Brady starts out confidently and chooses witnesses who profess strong religious belief. Brady calls for Rachel to be on the witness stand and twists her words about what Cates has told her. Meanwhile, the judge excludes all Drummond’s scientific witness on the grounds of evolution itself is not on trial. D... ...will appeal the case; however, his victory is setting an example for others who choose to think. It will make it easier for the next person. Cates finds a new life with Rachel away from the small town Hillsboro. The trial in Hillsboro is an allegory for the situation in the 1950s. In the 50’s, the government condemns people who supported Communism; thus leading to the censorious climate of McCarthyism. In addition to the witch-hunt and anti-Communist hysteria, regional conflicts between northern and southern states in the east of America. Laurence and Lee wrote the play to parallel some of conflicts of idea and subtly review them to the people. It was the method of exploring the major themes in the theses conflicts between intellectuals and believers, thinkers vs. narrow mindedness, and the relationship between the perception of others and self worth. Ultimately, Inherit the Wind encourages the right to think and the freedom of thought. In the attacking the value of free thought and speech upon which this country is built, nothing is obtained just like the situation in which Brady attacks his own house and inherits the wind—nothing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚