Alcoholism And Alcohol Addiction Has Become A National Crisis

Alcoholism and alcohol addiction has become a national crisis. In the United States approximately 62,000 men died un-necessarily as a result of alcohol abuse in 2014. Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is the fourth leading cause of preventable deaths with approximately 1.1 million men over the age of 18 currently receiving treatment for an AUD. Globally, the burden of alcohol abuse reflected 3.3 million deaths from consumption in 2012 alone. (NIH 2016). This case study of about a 66 year old male named Robert, who presents with long term alcohol abuse. Robert is married to Colleen for the last 44 years during which time they had two daughters. Robert is also a grandfather, brother and friend. His oldest daughter Harriet sought intervention†¦show more content†¦Robert was diagnosed with diabetes and prostrate problems (NIH 2016). More men than women use and abuse alcohol and drugs. Research indicates that 78% of men with an alcohol problem, have at least one other psychiatric condition (Capuzzi, Stauffer 2008). Biologically, one predisposed to addiction along with their environmental considerations during childhood, readies one to either become an addict or alcoholic or prepares them to withstand the influences. Harriet and her younger sister both have experienced untold influences due to their father’s drinking. Many adult children of alcoholics fear the loss of control in their own lives and try to control others through manipulation, fear or force. Very often adult children of alcoholics overdevelop their own sense of responsibility (ACA 2016). Harriet, sought out information on family intervention to help her father. She also held over him the possible loss of his seeing his grandchildren as motivation for his getting help.Taking care of her father by stepping up and making the call to a therapist for intervention is clearly an indication that Harriet has taken on the role of care taker in her family where chaos and uncertainly was the norm. She also contacted the residential treatment facility where her father eventually went, she made contact and with all the participants for the intervention, and she lead the way when the intervention group approached her father. The younger sister may have taken on the role

`` Twenty First Century Capitalism The Two Realms Of...

In trying to understand the world that we live in today and where we are going in the future, as a nation, as a modern society, and as humans in general, we must look at the overarching structure or social order that created our present condition, capitalism. In order to understand capitalism, we must not only try to understand what capitalism really is, but realize that it is not solely composed of what is commonly connected with the term, economics. Rather, it is composed of varying social and political factors that make capitalism what it truly is. This view and analysis of capitalism is what Robert Heilbroner puts forth in his 1992 book, Twenty-First Century Capitalism, where he introduces the notion of the two realms of capitalism . In the following essay, I will look at how Heilbroner defines capitalism, and what the author means by the two realms of capitalism explaining how these two are both beneficial and dysfunctional for society. After a thorough examination of what th e author proposes in his analysis, I will then explain how and why I think capitalism has had a more positive effect on society, despite the flaws that can be found, and will be noted, in this system we live in. To begin, I want to first lay a groundwork for understanding capitalism. This system of capitalism that most of the western world adheres to is a most interesting phenomenon of how we have decided to organize our societies. As Heilbroner (2006) points out that it is remarkable howShow MoreRelatedCapitalist Society.1738 Words   |  7 PagesCapitalism is a very complex system that is discuss by many authors, scholars and economists. Robert Heilbroner is a famous American economist who creatively discusses the system of capitalism in Twenty First Century Capitalism. He reveals the abstruse capitalism system and its role in society. Heilbroner begins by comparing traditional society with modern capitalist society and differentiate capital with wealth, which facilitate the read er to understand the basic definition of capitalism. He thenRead MoreThomas Heilbroner s Twenty First Century Capitalism3106 Words   |  13 Pagescondition, capitalism. In order to understand capitalism, we must not only try to understand what capitalism really is, but realize that it is not solely composed of what is commonly connected with the term, economics. Rather, it is composed of varying social and political factors that make capitalism what it truly is. This view and analysis of capitalism is what Robert Heilbroner puts forth in his 1992 book, Twenty-First Century Capitalism, where he introduces the notion of the two realms of capitalismRead MoreCapitalism : The Embodiment And Nature Of Capitalism Essay2141 Words   |  9 Pagesembodiment and nature of capitalism. A man called Robert Heilbroner (March 24, 1919 – January 4, 2005) rose in the twentieth century as a regarded American economist and historian of economic thought understood for his worries about the tw o realms of capitalism. A first person examination of capitalism in light of Robert Heilbroner s thoughts as exhibited in the book twenty-first century capitalism. This article addresses how Robert Heilbroner s two realms of capitalism are both useful and uselessRead MoreRobert Heilbroner s Twenty First Century Capitalism1690 Words   |  7 Pagesscience. Capitalism has been the key to the development of business and a countries economy capitalism has changed the economy and society in both positive and negative ways both suitable. Robert Heilbroner book†Twenty-first-century capitalism(1993)† talked about going beyond economic theories too but focuses on the problems of modern economic society. He thought of capitalism as the interrelationship between the economic system and a political order ,that is howâ€Å"two realms of capitalism† were formedRead MoreCapitalism Is The Most Influential Economic And Political System Essay2012 Words   |  9 PagesCapitalism is the most influential economic and political system in the world today as it has had a large effect on some of the defining aspects of the world, from abolishing feudal rule as â€Å"feudal rulers were continually forced to turn for loans to their resident burghers†¦ by the way the leaders stood this was completely incompatible with feudal rule†. (Heilbroner, 1992, p. 34) And introducing an early version of economic freedom referred to as the society of perfect liberty by Adam Smith. CapitalismRead MoreThe Substance And Nature Of Free Enterprise Essay1080 Words   |  5 Pages(March 24, 1919 – January 4, 2005) developed in the twentieth century as a regarded American financial specialist and student of history of monetary thought surely understood for his worries about the two domains of free enterprise. A first individual examination of free enterprise in view of Robert Heilbroner s thoughts as exhibited in the book twenty-first century private enterprise. Thi s exposition addresses how Robert Heilbroner s two domains of private enterprise are both valuable and uselessRead MoreCapitalism Is An Economic System Of Production And Allocation Based On Private Property2070 Words   |  9 PagesCapitalism is an economic system of production and allocation based on private property. The main characteristic of making economic decisions is the willingness to accumulate more capital and gain profit. In this economic system businesses manufacture goods for market, which is controlled by supply and demand. Economists often think of capitalism as a system of free market economy ruled by competition, but it is impossible to find capitalism in this ideal form anywhere in world today. Nowadays economicRead MoreGlobalization and the International Political Economy Essay3605 Words   |  15 PagesInternational Political Economy (IPE). The most salient among these perspectives are Realism, Liberalism, and Marxism. These paradigms or ways of looking at IPE enables international relations students to study the forces at work in the international realm and analyze how these factors interact to create the state of affairs of the IPE. Through these perspectives, people can also take a look at how human nature, individuals, society, states, and markets relate to the economy and how they make it workRead MoreThe Consumer Society Essay3590 Words   |  15 Pageswhat extent are we controlled by the consumer society we live in? The rise of the consumer culture is a phenomenon characteristic for the twentieth century. The impact of this cultural movement is disputable. The quote above was taken from Marcuse’s book â€Å"One dimensional man.†(1964) Marcuse believed that the products of consumer capitalism indoctrinate and manipulate society to promote a false consciousness of needs which become a way of life. He saw this as another form of totalitarianismRead MoreWilliam Faulkners As I Lay Dying Essay1482 Words   |  6 PagesIn As I Lay Dying, William Faulkner uses the characters Anse and Cash, and a motif/symbol in My mother is a fish, to reveal the psychological and societal problems of the twenties and thirties. Written as soon as the panic surrounding the stock market in 1929 started, Faulkner is reported as having, â€Å"took one of these [onion] sheets, unscrewed the cap from his fountain pen, and wrote at the top in blue ink, As I Lay Dying. Then he underlined it twice and wrote the date in the upper right-hand

Theory of Management Principal and Process

Question: Describe about the Theory of Management Principal and Process. Answer: Abstract The assignment is on concepts of management describing management in brief along with its characteristics. The four functions of management are defined in detail along with how they should be implemented by the leadership of the organization. The next part describes the external factors affecting management along with contemporary management challenges. The work is a detail layout of what management is all about and provides insight into how management functions. Management Various theorists defined the term administration in different ways to give their ideas about the definition of the Directorate. Although there are differences in how they defined to control the fundamental essence which derived from various ideas is the same; i.e. management is a team work to achieve individual objectives and goals which may be organisational, social or family oriented. According to F.W Taylor, management is the art of being aware of what needs to be done and then making sure that the things are done in the best possible ways incurring as minimum cost as possible. This definition of Taylor gives us the impression that management is team function as the easiest, cheapest, and the best possible way to get things done is through teamwork collaborating people together. The definition of management by Henry Fayol defining management as the function of forecasting, planning, organising, to command, coordinate and control apparently gives us the impression that the essence is the teamwork. Likewise, other definitions of the management point out to the same concept of teamwork to achieve organisational goals and objectives. Management has the following characteristics(Jonathan Sutherland, 2004). Characteristics of management Management as a function Management is a function which is undertaken by team i.e. employees of an organisation under the leadership of an individual to carry out organisational tasks and activities with the aim of achieving a desired goals and objectives. Management is a social process The concept of social process is clearly seen in control as the team consisting of employees of an organisation works for the betterment of organisation to fulfil their mutual objectives and goals. This is a characteristic seen in a society where every household has certain responsibilities towards their society for it to progress. Management involves group effort The concept of group effort is evident in management where every individual needs to play some roles or the other as per their capability for the entire organisational team to progress and move towards the accomplishment of stated objectives and goals. Management aims at objectives stated and determined earlier The task under management is always aimed at accomplishing objectives and targets which have been already stated and established and the entire team work towards reaching that goals and objectives. It is the leadership which decides on what tasks are needed to be carried out and who would be the right person for any particular job and with whom he/she would be working. Management is essential at all level of functions Every organisational tasks or activity at every level require proper and efficient management for the tasks to be performed with perfection. Management is an art as well as science Management has a characteristic of science as it is a universally accepted concept which has been empirically derived and critically tested over times and is based on general principles. It is said to be art as in management every individual perform managerial tasks using their creativity and technical skills. Management consists of four essential functions The four basic functions of management are planning, organising, leading and controlling. This process of performing four basic functions is called management process. Following is the excellent layout of the four basic functions of management. Management Process Managers in his/her business organisation must perform essential managerial functions efficiently to become successful so that the organisation moves forward in line with its mission, vision, objectives and goals. The basic administrative duties across the business vertical are classified into four steps which the managers need to take one at a time and perform them successfully. The first classifications of essential managerial functions were made by Fall which had functions of planning, organising, coordinating along with commanding and controlling of employees. Various other theorists attributed functions like communicating, staffing and decision-making. Later functions of Planning, organising, followed by features of leading and controlling were accepted as the four primary managerial functions which were widely accepted and prevalent till today. The other functions attributed by various theorists are considered to be subsets of these four functions(Ginter, 2008). Below we shall discuss four essential functions one by one. Planning Planning is a function where the managers define organisational goals and decide what tasks or activities need to be performed to attain the established aims and objectives. The role of planning requires managers to decide correctly on resource requirements to accomplish the goals and objectives. Planning is central to the other four managerial functions as it sets the tone for other duties to follow. Planning entails the following four functions Proper evaluation of organisational resources and environmental factors. Establishment of organisational goals Development of strategies and plans to accomplish the stated goals Formulation of decision-making process The elements under bullets pointed above are essential for organisational success in the long run. The short-term goals are equally dependent on these four elements. Any planning for the attainment of long-term targets and objectives requires managers to develop proper strategy known as strategic planning which varies under different circumstances. The next step is organising as discussed below. Organizing Organizing is a function where managers perform three essential functions; assignment of tasks and activities to individuals, grouping tasks into various departments and allocating necessary resources to departments. For practical organising, managers need to use people and available resources properly for which he/she must consult individuals before allotting tasks. For organising to be, active managers must develop the organisational structure, acquire human resources, provide them with proper training, and establish networks and communication pattern. Leading Leading is the next step that follows after planning and organising where managers exercise influence and authority on his/her employees to get the required tasks performed for the attainment of organisational goals and activities. It is considered to be the most critical function of all as it demands various ways on parts of managers to influence and motivate employees so that they perform their tasks efficiently in line with organisational goals and objectives. The effectiveness of leading also depends on leaders or managers extraordinary ability and motivational procedures. Formation of powerful groups is the most important criteria of leading. Proper leading takes the organisation to a new high and leaders must have the ability to lead from the front(Ling, 2015). Controlling Managing involves the task of monitoring all the relevant activities within the organisation to determine whether the implemented plans are working efficiently in line with the requirements; i.e. if the implementations are successfully achieving their goals or not. The function of controlling mostly needs managers to look into the activities of employees and correcting them whenever necessary. For proper controlling, managers use tools of performance appraisal, rewards and incentives to motivate employees. Employees are also penalised for underperforming on a regular basis. How they are related The four essential functions of management as stated and described above are closely linked to each other. The planning function lays out the path for the other three to follow. Functions of planning when it is done properly by evaluating strength and weakness of organisation and available resources enables management in the decision-making process which in turn facilitates other three functions to be carried out in an orderly manner. Likewise, organising effects leading and controlling. Proper leading is essential for the execution of planning and coordination functions to facilitate controlling which is the last step in the managerial process. In other words, all of them have to be carried out keeping in mind the proper implementation of other functions and their accomplishments. For example before leading a leader has to make sure that for controlling function to be implemented the first two, i.e. planning and organising are done properly(Rossman, 2014). Implementation of essential functions The implementation of four basic functions of management with proper effect depends on a lot of the initiatives taken by the leader. Since all of them are related and, fallacies in one of them may lead to the failure of the project, the effectiveness of the leader plays a significant role in execution of the variety of tasks. A leader has to make sure that the planning and organising are in line with the stated objectives of the project undertaken. If the planning and coordination are not in line with the available resources, the leader needs to appraise the fallacy to the concerned department and make sure that either the means are fulfilled, or the goals and objectives are adjusted to bring down the targets and goals for rationalisation of the project. The leader needs to influence his subordinates using proper motivational tools and leadership techniques to get the work done from employees. The responsibility of aligning the organisational goals and objectives to that of employees for them to consider the organisation as a family rather than work place rests on the shoulder of leadership. A leader needs to identify the loopholes at every level of management and exercise efficient control throughout the project and make necessary adjustments whenever required. For effective leadership, a leader has to lead from the front and show deep empathy towards employees' grievances and address them to keep the employees motivated. It is necessary to use tools such as performance appraisal and rewards performers with incentives and bonus for the purpose of motivation(Rollin, 2012). The use of proper communication tools throughout the organisational hierarchy is an important part of management functions, and there has to adequate training and development process within the organisation for employees to learn the new changes and techniques taking place rapidly. The communication cell of the society needs to ensure that the communication flows smooth across the various level of management. The top level management needs to appraise accurately of any changes within the body to the middle-level managers that need to implement the changes at a lower level through proper communication and controlling. Likewise, any changes required during the execution of any task or activities needs to be communicated to the middle managers who can address the issue by informing top level management. External factors External factors are affecting the management process such as political, social, economic, technological, competition, etc. which impacts the management process. Here we shall discuss two three essential factors of social, race and political as these are the regarded as the primary factors in the administration of a project. Social Social factors refer to the society in which the organisation is planning to carry out the business. The social element constitutes of various social attributes such as lifestyle of people, education, demographic factors, religious beliefs, buying habits, etc. along with disposable income of individuals. All of these impacts management functions as managers need to have a clear analysis of social factors before determining their business plans. Since this factor is external and the organization has no influence over it, they can only align their policies of activities with the determined social factors(Thomas, 2015). Political Political factors refer] to the political situation in the area of business operation. Political factor is paramount for the organisation and its management to consider before implementation of any business plans. Various political parties have different agendas and the laws, rules, and regulations governing the nation or state impacts directly on business. Since the laws and legislation are passed by political establishment management is affected by political factors. Competition Competition is the most primary one among external factors as it determines many functions such as targeting, segmentation, pricing and promotion. The management has to undertake essential managerial functions after proper determination of competitive factors as their pricing policies accordingly along with determination of product volume and marketing strategy(Schwerin, 2015). Contemporary management challenges Managers around the world have to deal with more uncertainties under current business environment. The role of geopolitical factors is influencing organisational management policies every single day. Since the chaos around the world are increasing day by day and economic instability is on the rise, management under the current global scenario is all about keeping track of happenings around the world and dealing proactively with every change which may be required anytime. Another challenge facing management is the rapidly changing technology on which businesses has become heavily dependent. The advent of cloud computing, CRM system, etc. has provided managers with altogether new challenges. The managers have to keep track of every technological innovation in the marketplace and entertain any changes required in the IT field to maintain a competitive edge. Conclusion The concept of management has evolved over times, and contemporary management is all about forecasting risks and assuring quality which managers around the world has to importance. The rising competition not only necessitates the change in policies of pricing, volume, and marketing policies but it also needs to consider unpredictable macro and micro external factors. The rise of geo political influence has made organisations around the world insure their project with proper insurance policies. The margin for error is minimum, and along with traditional method new method for innovation in every aspect of management is necessary to maintain competitive strength and take the organisation forward. Bibliography "DIVERSITY NEW FRONTER". (2013, JULY). DELOITTE: DELOITTE UNIVERSITY PRESS. AHALT, S. (n.d.). Ten Emerging Technologies. Renci white paper series. Bekaer, Engstrom. (N.D.). Briggs, S. (2013, 7 16). 10 Emerging Educational Technologies and How They Are Used Across the Globe. Retrieved 10 2015, from infomED: https://www.opencolleges.edu.au/informed/features/the-ten-emerging-technologies-in-education-and-how-they-are-being-used-across-the-globe/ Brunot, Media. (2016). Buttel, Geisler, Wiswall. (1984). Chianis. (2013). Culbertson, Joyner, . (2006). Dahl, G. (n.d.). How to create an overall media ad campaign. Retrieved 12 23, 2015, from https://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/how-to-create-an-overall-media-ad-campaign.html holder, D., Jaishankar, K. (2011). Cyber Crime and the Victimization of Women: Laws, Rights, and Regulations. IGI GLOBAL. Jayson, A. (2013, 10 2). The role of Technology in Advancement of Education. Retrieved 10 2015, from ed tech review: https://edtechreview.in/trends-insights/insights/668-role-of-technology-in-advancement-of-education KELLI, A. G. (n.d.). Retrieved JULY 2, 2015, from UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA: https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hr022 KNOUSE, B. S. (2003). "Hard Measures that Support the Business Case for Diversity: A Balanced Scorecard Approach. Michie. (2000). Nagel, D. (15, 2 12). 6 Emerging Trends Driving Technology in Education. RITA, A. (2010). BEST PRACTISES IN WORKFORCE DIVERSITY. ILLINOIS, USA. ROOT III, G. N. (n.d.). THE BEST PRACTISES OF DIVERSITY TRAINING. DEMAND MEDIA. Smooth, J. (2011). How I learned to stop thinking about racism and love discussing race. Retrieved October 24, 2015, from youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MbdxeFcQtaU Tim. (2013, 8 26). Advances in Technology and It's Effects on Education. Retrieved 10 2015, from HubPages: https://namciti.hubpages.com/hub/Advances-in-Technology-and-Its-Effects-on-Education

Knowledge by the Colors free essay sample

The fifty meter wall of deities, sculptures, and statues loom high above. Depicting the life of Princess Meenakshi, one could not be more dazzled. They smile, they frown, they kill, they embrace; the statues behold stories repeated throughout the centuries, dazzling, hypnotizing. The Meenakshi Amman Temple, an overwhelming spectacle, offered a story one could not forget. I, however, could not even begin to understand. An immigrant to the United States, Ive gradually accepted the American culture rather than maintaining my own. At first, not much had changed, my parents and I being each others only friends, I was a shy child to anyone else. Unfortunately, as my horizons widened and interaction with my American surroundings became the norm, the ties between the Indian culture and me slowly began to fade away. It was not that I didnt care, seeing as my parents are strong advocates of religious practice, but religious history was not so strongly enforced. We will write a custom essay sample on Knowledge by the Colors or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Since childhood, Ive understood the basic information regarding our gods and goddesses, but the detailed history of Hinduism and how these Gods came to be, I was not familiar with. At religious gatherings, I was little affected when seeing other Hindu children perform skits and plays, recite poems, and sing songs about our religions history. I couldnt envision any significant benefit from this additional information. However, walking into the grand Meenakshi Amman Temple, I realized how important ethnic history really is. Feeling as if the temples visitors, including my parents, all understood what the sculptures, paintings, and artifacts meant, I was a little jealous. My sister, being the youngest in the family, tapped my hand, pointing to the vibrantly colored paintings. Dada! (Brother) Look at that pink sari! Yeah thats a nice color isnt it? I replied while trying to understand the picture itself. I knew I wouldnt get much satisfaction from this Temple through simply enjoying i ts pretty colors. I was eager to understand the images I was surrounded by. Though I knew my parents were capable of explaining them to me, I decided to approach the priest for answers to my many questions. Being 13 years old at the time, I felt some internal shame for being so ill-informed, but I expected the priest would be happy to indulge my hunger for knowledge. Pujari (priest), ei painting golo kei bolche? (What do these paintings depict?) As predicted, the priest was happy to help, but I could sense his slight surprise in my naivet. This subtle reaction was sufficient for me to realize how important our ethnicity is. As the priest explained the epic legend, MahA?bhA?rata, and its similarities to todays leading issues such as, politics, social arguments, and international relations, I realized the importance of cultural history. The knowledge is simply a necessity. I left the Meenakshi Temple with my fair share of Hinduism history. The existence of many of the Gods made much more sense and I left appreciating my culture more than before. I learned that the expression of ones ethnicity and religious background is key to expressing ones self. Now more knowledgeable about my religion, I recite poems like the other kids, and participate in the events I was once reluctant to. I finally understand my ethnicity, I finally understand my origins, and I finally understand myself.

Insects and Other Arthropods That Make Galls

Insects and Other Arthropods That Make Galls Have you ever noticed unusual lumps, spheres, or masses on trees or other plants? These strange formations are called galls. Galls come in many sizes and shapes. Some galls look and feel like pompoms, while others are hard as rocks. Galls may occur on every part of plants, from the leaves to the roots. What Are Galls? Galls are abnormal growths of plant tissue trigger in response to an injury to or an irritation of the plant, usually (but not always) caused by some living organism. Nematodes, bacteria, fungi, and viruses can all cause the formation of galls on trees, shrubs, and other plants. Most galls, however, result from insect or mite activity. Gallmaking insects or mites initiate gall formation by feeding on a plant, or by laying eggs on plant tissues. The insects or mites interact with the plant during a period of rapid growth, such as when leaves are opening. Scientists believe that gallmakers secrete chemicals that regulate or stimulate plant growth. These secretions cause rapid cell multiplication in the affected area of the meristematic tissue. Galls can only form on growing tissue. Most gallmaking activity occurs in the spring or early summer. Galls serve several important purposes for the gallmaker. The developing insect or mite resides within the gall, where it is sheltered from the weather and from predators. The young insect or mite also feeds on the gall. Eventually, the mature insect or mite emerges from the gall. After the gallmaking insect or mite leaves, the gall remains behind on the host plant. Other insects, such as beetles or caterpillars, may move into the gall for shelter or to feed. Which Insects Make Galls? Insects that make galls include certain kinds of wasps, beetles, aphids, and flies. Other arthropods, like mites, can cause gall formations, too. Each gallmaker produces its own unique gall, and you can often tell which kind of insect made the gall by its shape, texture, size, and host plant. Psyllids  -  Some jumping plant lice, or psyllids, produce galls. If you find galls on hackberry leaves, theres a good chance it was caused by a psyllid. They feed in spring, triggering the formation of two well-known leaf galls: hackberry nipple galls, and hackberry blister galls.Gallmaking aphids  -  Aphids  belonging to the subfamily Eriosomatinae cause gall formations on the stems and petioles of certain trees, most notably cottonwood and poplar. Aphid galls vary in shape, from a cockscomb-shaped growth on elm leaves to a cone-shaped gall that forms on witch hazel.Gallmaking adelgids  -  Gallmaking adelgids target conifers, for the most part. One common species,  Adelges abietis, causes pineapple-shaped galls on Norway and white spruce twigs, as well as on Douglas fir. Another, the Cooley spruce gall adelgid, makes galls that look like cones on Colorado blue spruce and white spruce.Phylloxerans  -  Phylloxerans (family Phylloxeridae), though tiny, do their sha re of gallmaking, too. The most notorious of the group is the grape phylloxera, which produces galls on both the roots and leaves of grape plants. In 1860, this North American insect was accidentally introduced into France, where it nearly destroyed the wine industry. French vineyards had to graft their grape vines onto phylloxera-resistant rootstock from the U.S. to save their industry. Gall wasps  -  Gall wasps, or cynipid wasps, comprise the largest group of gallmaking insects, with over 1,000 species known globally. Cynipid wasps produce most of the galls on oak trees and plants within the rose family. Some gall wasps oviposit in galls created by other species, rather than induce the growth of their own. Cynipid wasps sometimes develop within galls that have fallen from the host plant.  Jumping oak galls  are so named because they roll and bounce around the forest floor as the larva inside moves.Gall midges  -  Gall midges or gall gnats make up the second largest group of gallmaking insects. These true flies belong to the family Cecidomyiidae, and are quite tiny, measuring 1-5 mm in length. The maggots, which develop within the gall, come in strangely bright colors like orange and pink. Midge galls form on various parts of plants, from the leaves to the roots. Common galls formed by gall midges include the pinecone willow gall and the maple leaf spot. Gall flies  -  Some genera of fruit flies produce stem galls.  Eurosta  gall flies develop and overwinter within goldenrod galls. Some  Urophora  gall flies were introduced into North America from their native Europe, as biocontrols for invasive plants like knapweed and bull thistle. Gallmaking sawflies  -  Sawflies produce some unusual galls, most commonly on willows and poplars. The leaf galls induced by  Phyllocolpa  sawflies look like someone crimped or folded the leaves. The sawfly larva feeds within the crinkled leaf.  Pontania  sawflies produce strange, globular galls that protrude through both sides of a willow leaf. Some  Euura  sawflies cause petiole swelling in willows.Gallmaking moths  -  A few moths make galls, too. Some micromoths in the genus  Gnorimoschema  induce stem galls in goldenrod, where the larvae pupate. The midrib gall moth produces an odd leaf formation in buckthorn. The center of the leaf is rolled tight, with the sides joining to form a pouch in which the larva resides.Beetles and weevils  -  A handful of metallic wood-boring beetles (Buprestridae) are known to produce galls in their host plants.  Agrilus ruficollis  induces galls in blackberries.  Ruficollis  translates to redneck, a specific name that refers to this insects red  pronotum. Another species,  Agrilus champlaini, creates galls in Ironwood. Long-horned beetles of the genus  Saperda  also produce galls, in stems and twigs of alder, hawthorn, and poplar. A few weevils also cause swellings in their host plants tissues.  Podapion gallicola, for example, causes galls in pine twigs. Gall mites  -  Gall mites of the family Eriophyidae produce unusual galls on leaves and flowers. The mites begin feeding on their host plants just as buds are opening in the spring. Eriophyid galls may form as finger-like projections or warty bumps on leaves. Some gall mites produce a velvety discoloration of the leaves. Will Galls Damage My Plants? Insect enthusiasts and naturalists probably find insect galls interesting or even beautiful. Gardeners and landscapers, though, may be less enthused to discover insect galls on trees and shrubs and may be concerned about insect gall damage. Fortunately, with few exceptions, insects galls do not damage trees and shrubs. While they may look unsightly, particularly on specimen trees, most healthy, well-established trees and shrubs will be unaffected by galls in the long run. Heavy gall formations may slow growth. Because the negative impact of galls on plants is largely aesthetic, control measures for galls or  gallmaking insects  are rarely warranted. Leaf galls will fall off, either with the leaves themselves or from the leaves once the insect or mite has emerged. Galls on twigs and branches can be pruned out. A gall that has already formed cannot be treated or sprayed to eliminate it. The gall is part of the plant itself. Gallmaking insects, it should be noted, will attract their own biological controls in the form of  parasitoids  and predators. If your landscape is riddled with galls this year, give it time. Nature will restore the balance in your ecosystem.

Commodification vs. Commoditization

Commodification vs. Commoditization Commodification vs. Commoditization Commodification vs. Commoditization By Maeve Maddox When I first encountered the word commoditization, I thought it was just an ugly synonym for commodification. I’ve discovered that–in American business parlance– commoditization is not at all synonymous with commodification. The Oxford English Dictionary has separate entries for both nouns, but assigns commoditization the same definition as commodification: the action of turning something into, or treating something as, a (mere) commodity; commercialization of an activity, etc., that is not by nature commercial. American usage would agree with this as a definition of commodification, but commoditization receives a different definition in Merriam-Webster: commoditization: to render (a good or service) widely available and interchangeable with one provided by another company. In a business context, commoditization occurs when a manufacturer’s product or a provider’s service loses its initial uniqueness in the market. The Web abounds with articles about this phenomenon: Avoiding the Black Hole of Commoditization How Dow Corning Beat Commoditization By Embracing It How to Avoid The Commoditization Trap Software Commoditization vs. Customization 4 Ways Energy Utilities Companies can Beat Commoditization For the consumer, a commodity is merchandise, something to be purchased. For the businessman, a commodity is a product or service that a consumer feels is interchangeable with any other of the same type. Bottom line: Commodification is putting a price on things that shouldn’t have a price, things like friendship, knowledge, and beautiful women. Commoditization is what happens when a name brand is perceived as being no more desirable than the store brand. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Farther vs. FurtherThe Letter "Z" Will Be Removed from the English Alphabet20 Slang Terms for Law Enforcement Personnel

Hazards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hazards - Essay Example Because of the large area that the fire covered, as many as 563 fire personnel, 39 fire engines, 20 fire crews, a helicopter, five dozers, up to nine water tenders, and four fire departments were working side-by-side in order to put a large fire under control. The management responses as well as recovery efforts were deemed successful because compared to other reported incidents in areas up to 400% smaller, the time spent in managing the fire in Flynn Creek Road was comparable in brevity, considering the large area where the wild fire occurred. California Wild Fires as Environmental Hazards Fires have been an integral part of ecosystems and human societies for as long as history has been known. When properly used, it can give a lot of benefits such as clearing lands for agriculture, oxidizing all possibly flammable organic materials, hastening the decomposition process of detritus, and inducing growth in forests (Omi, 2005). However, when fires are left to burn on their own and uncon trolled in rural or woodland areas, fired could gain enough power to destroy nearby buildings, acres of land, or large parts of forest areas, causing numerous damage not just in human settlements but also in the natural environment as well. Thus, it is essential that fires occurring in places that contain many flammable materials and things such as forests and woodlands be controlled as much as possible in order to prevent damages (Omi, 2005). One of the most well-known places often seen in news having reported incidents of uncontrolled fires is the State of California. Fire ecology has been most extensively studied in California, mainly due to its numerous and diverse ecosystems (Sugihara et al., 2009). Wildfires occurring during the hot summer months have been reported as a part of the complex interactions between the environment, the atmosphere, and the climate of California. Due to the natural occurrence of fires in its forests, many plants in California have evolved into fire-t olerant species, some of which even need the fires to complete their life cycles (Sugihara et al., 2009). Still, these wild fires are still needed to be controlled because aside from the potential dangers posed to humans and settlements, entire ecosystems could also get wiped out, disrupting the balance of nature. It is good to know that the number of ignitions reported each year is less important than the size of the area burned, due to the wild fires being controlled at the earliest time possible (Omi, 2005). The knowledge that wild fires are attended to by the Fire Departments give assurance to residents not just in California but also in other places that most wild fires are stopped before extending over larger areas. In one of the most recent reported and managed wild fires by the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, or CAL FIRE, a large area had to be attended by numerous fire personnel in order for the fire to be controlled at the least time possible. In Men docino County in California, an area 195 acres and enclosed by Flynn Creek Road and the Comptche Ukiah Road near the Comptche Community caught fire October 1, at around 2:20 PM (California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, CAL FIRE, 2012). It was fully controlled October 4, at around 6:15 PM, 75 hours after it was first reported. Despite